Illegal Wildlife Trade: Scale, Processes, and Governance

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 201 - 228

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) has increased in profile recent years as a global policy issue, largely because of its association with declines prominent internationally trafficked species. In this review, we explore the scale IWT, associated threats to biodiversity, and appropriate responses these threats. We discuss historical development IWT research highlight uncertainties that plague evidence base, emphasizing need for more systematic approaches addressing gaps way minimizes risk unethical or counterproductive outcomes people. evaluating interventions order learn, importance sharing datasets lessons learned. A collaborative approach linking research, practice, would better align public discourse action evidence. This turn enable effective making contributes reducing threat biodiversity represents.

Language: Английский

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The seven sins of hunting tourism

Annals of Tourism Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 102996 - 102996

Published: July 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Genetic guidelines for translocations: Maintaining intraspecific diversity in the lion (Panthera leo)

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 22 - 39

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Abstract Conservation translocations have become an important management tool, particularly for large wildlife species such as the lion ( Panthera leo ). When planning translocations, genetic background of populations needs to be taken into account; failure do so risks disrupting existing patterns variation, ultimately leading homogenization, and thereby reducing resilience adaptability species. We urge managers include knowledge source/target populations, well species‐wide patterns, in any intervention. present a hierarchical decision‐making tool which we list 132 populations/lion conservation units provide information on assignment, uncertainty suitability translocation each combination. By including four levels suitability, from ‘first choice’ ‘no option’, with range options. To illustrate extent international trade lions, potential disruption natural intraspecific diversity, mined CITES Trade Database estimated quantities live individuals imported states during past 4 decades. identified 1056 recorded risk interbreeding wild 772 being captive‐sourced. Scoring records our illustrates that only 7% translocated were 73% option’. acknowledge other, nongenetic factors are process, hence pragmatic approach is needed. A framework scored based not relevant lion, but also other frequently translocated. hope presented overview supports genetics future decisions contributes towards its full diversity.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the feasibility of pangolin farming and its potential conservation impact

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20, P. e00714 - e00714

Published: July 16, 2019

Pangolins are threatened by overexploitation for local and international use. They subject to an commercial trade ban, also the focus of other interventions, including attempts at captive breeding. The impact that latter could have on conservation wild populations deserves consideration. We critically evaluate feasibility breeding (or farming) pangolins displace collection assess its potential pangolin using a recently published framework developed this purpose. Of 17 conditions posited need be met supply-side interventions collection, we find meet maximum only six conditions. This analysis suggests farming will not in near future. Major barriers include inability breed scale available data suggest it would unprofitable. immediate species' is unclear, but unlikely benefit populations. If were possible, uncertain how affect economic incentives poaching, interactions between legal illegal markets, stockpile policies, consumers Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners respond. To understand better overall there further research these uncertainties. used has utility analysing wildlife remains more robust approach impacts interventions.

Language: Английский

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Building sustainability into the Belt and Road Initiative’s Traditional Chinese Medicine trade

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 96 - 100

Published: Dec. 23, 2019

A little-known aim of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is 'people-to-people cultural exchange', including active promotion Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in BRI countries. On a global scale, this likely to increase both TCM demand the sourcing wildlife-based ingredients from new areas. Any rapid wildlife risks exacerbating illegal unsustainable trade but, with careful management, BRI–TCM could also present opportunities for well-governed supply chains, creating sustainable livelihoods rural harvesters. With China reaching out countries cooperate on marketing, registration products, there now critical short-term window identification these opportunities, ensure that sustainability built into markets start. Promotion traditional medicine will accompany Initiative. This Perspective notes potential advocates open-eyed cooperation build expanding market.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of a further emerging threat to lion conservation; targeted poaching for body parts

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4099 - 4114

Published: Oct. 15, 2019

Abstract The African lion, Panthera leo , has, like many of the world’s megafauna, become threatened with extinction over past century. Loss habitat and prey, persecution in retaliation livestock depredation, by-catch by bushmeat poachers unsustainable trophy hunting are all documented anthropogenic caused threats to lion conservation. Here we present data that indicate emergence a further threat conservation: targeted poaching lions for body parts. We abundance mortality from field surveys southern Africa between 2011 2018 resident population. parts accounted 35% known human mortalities across landscape 61% within Limpopo National Park clear increase this pressure 2014. Retaliatory killing conflict 51% total mortalities, however 48% cases were also removed, suggesting demand may incentivize related lions. use poison was most common means recorded mortalities. Teeth claws harvested often illegally killed animals study area, an 2014 onwards. This threatens viability species our area success current conservation initiatives. suggest results be viewed as warning global community vigilant impact illegal wildlife trade can have on lions, just similar has already had other big cat populations.

Language: Английский

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Wildlife farming: Balancing economic and conservation interests in the face of illegal wildlife trade

People and Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 446 - 457

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract Demand for wildlife and their products continues to grow, often despite increasingly militarised regulation consumer awareness campaigns. We review the sustainability, legality feasibility of farming animals, as a potential conservation tool ensure development an equitable sustainable trade model. While there are some positive examples well‐managed in trade, we identify common themes misuse including intentional mislabelling wild‐caught specimens global use individuals supplement captive stocks. also highlight frequent failure incorporate biological data into management strategies, resulting widespread species with potentially unfavourable life history traits, which constrain economic sustainability programmes. develop structured decision framework aid examination when may most benefit or hinder conservation. Synthesis applications . Key opportunities include developing suitability assessments removing barriers legitimate participation among poor, rural communities. In absence strategies that address issues accessibility, will continue place significant strain on wild populations while failing provide value returns. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Systematic review of the impact of restrictive wildlife trade measures on conservation of iconic species in southern Africa

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract Trade restrictions are often advocated and implemented as measures to protect wild species threatened by overexploitation. However, in some instances, their efficacy has been questioned, notably governments the southern African (SADC) region, which tend favor a sustainable use approach wildlife management. We conducted systematic review of published literature guided PRISMA process examine effectiveness trade directly related control addressing threats conservation SADC with focus on elephants ( Loxodonta sp.), rhinoceroses Ceratotherium simum , Diceros bicornis ), lions Panthera leo pangolins Manis sp.). focused particular direct impact at or population level, indirect human behavior attitude socioeconomic rural livelihoods well‐being national economies. Research these topics was uneven strongly effects law enforcement crime‐related behavior. gaps include impacts restrictions, including international local consequent secondary impacts, evaluations attempts disrupt criminal networks. Based reviewed evidence, depends range fully aligned countries origin, transit, consumption. For example, our results suggest positive ecological short‐term but negative unknown long‐term domestic restrictions. findings, key policy requirements more nuanced approaches incorporate appropriate range, consumer countries, that capacity development for early detection apprehension incursions inside protected areas; constructive engagement relevant communities outside future research improve understanding contribution wildlife.

Language: Английский

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Commercially-driven lion part removal: What is the evidence from mortality records?

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24, P. e01327 - e01327

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

Trade-driven killing for body parts has long been a major cause of population decline number big cat species. There are now worrying suggestions that commercialised illegal trade in might become threat wild lions Africa, and recent concerns have raised captive-bred lion skeletons from South Africa may stimulated demand bones, claws, teeth thus incentivised commercially-driven, targeted poaching trade. However, analysis the prevalence is currently lacking most populations. In this study we make use detailed, long-term records mortality part removal field sites two Africa's strongholds, Hwange National Park surrounds, Zimbabwe, within Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area Ruaha landscape Tanzania, to evaluate potential cases commercially-driven killings. We find no evidence systemic commercial at either site suggest majority removals opportunistic culturally-driven. Nevertheless, stress requirement vigilance around issue support development further range-wide capacity record data.

Language: Английский

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Preferences for lion and tiger bone wines amongst the urban public in China and Vietnam

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 125874 - 125874

Published: July 25, 2020

A controversial, multifaceted debate surrounds the trade in commercially captive-bred (farmed) lion skeletons. prominent topic relates to relative preferences for tiger and bone Asian consumer countries. To contribute preliminary information on this subject we conducted first quantitative study assess of urban public China Vietnam versus wild farmed wine products. Using an online questionnaire ranked respondents' stated preference tiger, lion, bone, tested effect demographic attitudinal variables product preferences. Our findings indicate that both is greatly preferred over wine, respondents showed high levels fidelity their choice or designation across species. We emphasise real-world complexity interactions highlight opportunities further in-depth study.

Language: Английский

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