Clustered warming tolerances and the nonlinear risks of biodiversity loss on a warming planet

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1917)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to become a major driver of biodiversity loss, destabilizing the ecosystems on which human society depends. As planet rapidly warms, disruption ecological interactions among populations, species and their environment, will likely drive positive feedback loops, accelerating pace magnitude losses. We propose that, even without invoking such amplifying feedback, loss should increase nonlinearly with warming because non-uniform distribution biodiversity. Whether these non-uniformities are uneven populations across species’ thermal niche, or niche limits within an community, we show that in both cases, resulting clustering population tolerances drives nonlinear increases risk discuss how fundamental constraints physiologies geographical distributions give rise clustered tolerances, responses changing climates could variously temper, delay intensify dynamics. argue risks be null expectation under warming, highlight empirical research needed understand causes, commonness consequences better predict where, when why losses occur. This article part discussion meeting issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace’s legacy for biodiverse future’.

Language: Английский

---

The Bogert effect, a factor in evolution

Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(S1), P. 49 - 66

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Behavior is one of the major architects evolution: by behaviorally modifying how they interact with their environments, organisms can influence natural selection, amplifying it in some cases and dampening others. In earliest issues Evolution, Charles Bogert proposed that regulatory behaviors (namely thermoregulation) shield from selection limit physiological evolution. Here, I trace history surrounding origin this concept (now known as "Bogert effect" or "behavioral inertia"), its implications for evolutionary research throughout 20th century. A key follow-up study early 21st century galvanized renewed interest Bogert's classic ideas, established a focus on slowdowns rate evolution response to behaviors. illustrate recent progress effect research, discuss ecological variables predict whether strongly phenomenon unfolds. Based these discoveries, provide hypotheses across several scales: patterns trait within among groups species, spatial effects phenomenon, importance speciation. also inherent link between behavioral inertia drive through an empirical case linking phenomena. Modern comparative approaches help put macroevolutionary buffering test: describe date, areas ripe future investigation. Despite many advances, bridging microevolutionary processes remains persistent gap our understanding effect, leaving wide open avenues deeper exploration.

Language: Английский

---

Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics facilitating hindering range shifts. As such, utility trait‐based approaches predict redistribution under change been called into question. We develop perspective, supported by evidence, trait variation, if used carefully can high potential utility, but past analyses many cases failed identify an explanatory value not fully embracing complexity First, we discuss relevant theory linking shift processes at leading (expansion) trailing (contraction) edges distributions highlight need clarify mechanistic basis approaches. Second, provide a brief overview shift–trait studies new opportunities integration consider range‐specific intraspecific variability. Third, explore circumstances which environmental biotic context dependencies are likely affect our ability contribution processes. Finally, propose revealing shaping may require accounting methodological variation arising from estimation process as well addressing existing functional, geographical, phylogenetic biases. series considerations more effectively integrating extrinsic factors research. Together, these analytical promise stronger predictive understanding help society mitigate adapt effects on biodiversity.

Language: Английский

---

Global Amphibian Declines, Disease, and the Ongoing Battle between Batrachochytrium Fungi and the Immune System

Herpetologica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(2), P. 178 - 178

Published: June 23, 2020

In the approximately 30 years since recognition of crisis global amphibian declines, much has been learned about likely causes. Among leading causes are several diseases including disease termed chytridiomycosis caused by chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and salamandrivorans (Bsal). Here, I briefly review fundamentals immunity, immune defenses against fungi, host–pathogen interactions that often favor pathogen to detriment host. Because amphibians ectotherms, climate temperature have a major impact on immunity. Thus, discuss current information role unpredictable weather events may play in responses chytrids. research declines is directed toward finding management solutions protect threatened amphibians, conclude drawing attention some most promising novel mitigation strategies being proposed.

Language: Английский

---

A comprehensive database of amphibian heat tolerance

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Abstract Rising temperatures represent a significant threat to the survival of ectothermic animals. As such, upper thermal limits an important trait assess vulnerability ectotherms changing temperatures. For instance, one may use estimate current and future safety margins (i.e., proximity experienced temperatures), this together with other physiological traits in species distribution models, or investigate plasticity evolvability these for buffering impacts While datasets on tolerance have been previously compiled, they sometimes report single estimates given species, do not present measures data dispersion, are biased towards certain parts globe. To overcome limitations, we systematically searched literature seven languages produce most comprehensive dataset date amphibian limits, spanning 3,095 across 616 species. This resource will useful tool evaluate amphibians, more generally,

Language: Английский

---

Complex Organisms Must Deal with Complex Threats: How Does Amphibian Conservation Deal with Biphasic Life Cycles?

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1634 - 1634

Published: May 14, 2023

The unprecedented rate of global amphibian decline is attributed to Anthropocene, with human actions triggering the Sixth Mass Extinction Event. Amphibians have suffered some most extreme declines, and their lack response conservation may reflect challenges faced by taxa that exhibit biphasic life histories. There an urgent need ensure measures are cost-effective yield positive outcomes. Many failed meet intended goals bolstering populations persistence species into future. We suggest past efforts not considered how different threats influence multiple stages amphibians, potentially leading suboptimal outcomes for conservation. Our review highlights multitude amphibians face at each stage used mitigate these threats. also draw attention paucity studies employed across more than one stage. Conservation programs research guides them, a multi-pronged approach deal lifecycle. management must recognise changing threat landscape reduce notoriety as threatened vertebrate globally.

Language: Английский

---

Disentangling physiological and physical explanations for body size-dependent thermal tolerance

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(5)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT The effects of climate change are often body size dependent. One contributing factor could be size-dependent thermal tolerance (SDTT), the propensity for heat and cold to vary with among species individuals within species. SDTT is hypothesized caused by differences in temperature dependence underlying physiological processes that operate at cellular organ/system level (physiological SDTT). However, temperature-dependent physiology need not observed. can also arise because physical affect relative dynamics large small organisms (physical In this Commentary, I outline how occurs, its mechanistic from SDTT, make different predictions about organismal responses variation. then describe influence outcome experiments, present an experimental framework disentangling provide examples tests control using data Anolis lizards. Finally, discuss natural environments their vulnerability anthropogenic warming. Differentiating between important it has implications we design interpret experiments our fundamental understanding ecology adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population‐level variation in a solitary bee

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Climate change presents a major threat to species distribution and persistence. Understanding what abiotic or biotic factors influence the thermal tolerances of natural populations is critical assessing their vulnerability under rapidly changing regimes. This study evaluates how body mass, local climate, pathogen intensity heat tolerance its population-level variation (SD) among individuals solitary bee

Language: Английский

---

Heated communities: large inter- and intraspecific variation in heat tolerance across trophic levels of a soil arthropod community

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 186(2), P. 311 - 322

Published: Dec. 9, 2017

Temperature extremes are predicted to increase in frequency, intensity and duration under global warming believed significantly affect community composition functioning. However, the effect of extreme climatic events on communities remains difficult predict, especially because species can show dissimilar responses abiotic changes, which may outcome interactions. To anticipate we need knowledge within among variation stress tolerance. We exposed a soil arthropod experimental heat waves field measured tolerance different trophic levels from heated control plots. critical thermal maximum (CTmax) individuals estimate inter- intraspecific this community, how was affected by waves. found interspecific tolerance, with most abundant prey species, springtail Isotoma riparia, being more sensitive high temperatures than its predators (various spider species). Moreover, CTmax substantial, suggesting that single were unequally extremes. did not after an wave. conclude traits potentially causes mismatches during events, but could lessen these effects enabling partial survival populations. Therefore, ecophysiological provide better understanding communities, only taxonomic or functional groups, also when comparing levels.

Language: Английский

---

Developmental environment has lasting effects on amphibian post-metamorphic behavior and thermal physiology

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(9)

Published: April 11, 2023

ABSTRACT Environmental challenges early in development can result complex phenotypic trade-offs and long-term effects on individual physiology, performance behavior, with implications for disease predation risk. We examined the of simulated pond drying elevated water temperatures development, growth, thermal physiology behavior a North American amphibian, Rana sphenocephala. Tadpoles were raised outdoor mesocosms under warming regimes based projected climatic conditions 2070. predicted that amphibians experiencing rapid associated climate change would accelerate be smaller at metamorphosis demonstrate differences exploratory post-metamorphosis. Although both accelerated reduced survival to metamorphosis, only resulted animals metamorphosis. Around 1 month post-metamorphosis, from control treatment jumped relatively farther high jumping trials. In addition, across all treatments, frogs shorter larval periods had lower critical minima maxima. also found developing less behavioral phenotype, higher selected gradient. Furthermore, preference, selecting temperatures. Our results underscore multi-faceted developmental environments physiological phenotypes later life. Thermal preference influence risk through thermoregulation, may increase or pathogen encounter. Thus, stressors during mediate amphibian exposure susceptibility predators pathogens into life stages.

Language: Английский

---