Flaviviruses: Zika

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 46

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community about Chikungunya in selected Districts of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia; its implications for controlling the disease: a community-based quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Chikungunya (CHIK) is a viral disease spread by Aedes mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical countries, including Ethiopia. It important to educate communities implement behavioral social interventions prevent control the of disease. This study assessed community's knowledge, attitude, practices (KAP) about CHIK Afar Region, Northeast A community-based quantitative qualitative cross-sectional was conducted between September 2022 January 2023 two districts household survey (HHS) using structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews for study. For research, focus group discussions (FGDs) were semi-structured questionnaire. Data analyzed descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regressions. The included 296 116 adult community members studies, respectively. Of respondents, 67.3% had previously heard CHIK, those who it, 44.7% knew that caused virus. While majority (68.8%) participants believed could be prevented, only 45.6% considered it serious illness. Additionally, over half (56.8%) respondents not all transmit CHIK. About 48.7% able identify mosquito, but 16.5% bite during daytime. overall mean correct/positive response scores attitudes, 63.2%, 60.0%, Being student having educational levels grade 9-12th college or above associated with good knowledge while being single, an level 9-12th, within age 45–59 years old found positive attitude scores. revealed limited understanding role mosquito area. uncertainty disease, its transmission, prevention measures. lack may affect attitudes towards risk perceptions, leading less practice findings suggest need initiatives improve awareness promote

Language: Английский

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Concurrent Infection With Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses in Humans and Mosquitoes: A Field Survey in Lower Moshi, Tanzania

East Africa Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 78 - 86

Published: March 31, 2022

Introduction: Dengue and Chikungunya have re-emerged as important diseases of global concern. Co-infections with virus (DENV) (CHIKV) could serious outcomes if not diagnosed managed optimally. However, the key focal points for maintenance CHIKV DENV infections extent their co-infection remain poorly understood in many geo-ecologically distinct parts Tanzania. Objective: We aimed to comparatively examine prevalence factors seropositivity infection rates humans mosquitoes Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed Lower Moshi area Kilimanjaro region from April July 2020. exposure determined by detecting IgM viruses using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay whereas real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results: Insecticide Treated Bed Net (ITN) use (χ2=3.504; p< 0.05), being ≥7 individuals living same household (χ2=4.655; p<0.05) a recent travel an urban destination (χ2=3.39; 0.05) were only associated seropositivity. ITN factor (χ2=5.204; p<0.05). (χ2=4.401; Five (1.5%) Ae. aegypti pools positive 1 (0.3%) DENV. Two Cx. pipiens, (1.9%) CHIKV. None pipiens No associations between observed but strongly (χ2 = 238.45; p<0.01). be consistently higher both, mosquitoes. Conclusion: Detection both vector confirms that are actively circulating Our findings point out potential two possibly other borne viruses. call upon sustained active surveillance arboviruses re-emerging better prepared possible outbreaks

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological profile, trend, seasonality, and factors associated with Yellow fever disease and barriers to vaccination: a retrospective observational study of multi-season national surveillance data in Nigeria, 2017 - 2021

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Abstract Since its resurgence in 2017, Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks have continued to occur Nigeria despite routine immunization and implementation of several reactive mass vaccination campaigns, resulting substantial morbidity mortality. is considered a high-priority country for implementing the WHO EYE strategy, which targeted at eliminating YF by 2026. This retrospective observational study was conducted describe epidemiological profile reported cases, trends, seasonality incidence; identify factors associated with disease (YFD) barriers Nigeria. Univariate, bivariate multivariate binary logistic regression analysis done. Of 13014 suspected 7640 (58.7%) had laboratory confirmation virus (YFV). Predictors YFD were male sex (aOR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.45-3.91) compared female; age group being 15-29 years 4.13, 1.59-13.00) under-five; residing Derived Savannah 30.10, 11.50-104.00), Lowland/Mangrove/Freshwater rainforest 8.84, 3.24-31.10), Guinea Savannah/Jos Plateau 6.13, 1.90-23.50) Sahel/Sudan savannah; working outdoor settings indoor 1.76, 0.96-3.22); vomiting 2.62, 1.39-4.83). The rainy season protective against 0.32, 0.19-0.52) dry season. Because unvaccinated emerged as factor (aOR:0.51, 0.25-1.00) those unknown status, data further disaggregated status. higher odds ratios found among unvaccinated. vaccinated first quarter second year 4.04, 1.48-12.95) southern region north 14.03, 4.09-88.27). Barriers 1.29, 1.05-1.57), 15 or older (15-29: aOR 2.06, 1.51-2.83; 30-44: 2.11, 1.45-3.07; 45-59: 2.72, 1.63-4.58; 60+: 6.55, 2.76-17.50), northern 3.71, 3.01-4.58) south, occupation butcher/hunter/farmer 2.30, 1.52-3.50) home-based/office workers. Being student 0.62, 0.47-0.83). Several YFD, aggravated lack vaccination. Although elucidated, inadequate coverage alone may not account recurrent These findings are critical planning public health interventions guide research that would enable end epidemics.

Language: Английский

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Seroprevalence of Zika Virus IgM Antibodies in Pregnant Woman in Nigeria

Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 179 - 190

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Backgrounds:In developing countries like Nigeria, screening of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women remains limited due to a lack diagnostic facilities and non-specific symptoms, leading potential misdiagnosis the disease as other febrile illnesses such malaria or typhoid.Materials & Methods: To address this issue, study aimed investigate prevalence anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay.Additionally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay targeted specific region membrane protein (prM) gene detect presence collected serum samples.For period four months from December 2021 March 2022, total 360 samples were attending antenatal care units two tertiary hospitals located different regions Nigeria.Findings: The results revealed 17.2% (62 samples) for among women.Further analysis RT-qPCR method detected (prM gene) 1.9% (7/62) samples.In addition these virological results, statistical sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, risk factors ZIKV demonstrated significant correlation between seropositivity various including ethnicity, residence, occupation, history arboviral diseases (p< .005).Conclusion: Given consequences women, early diagnosis intervention could improve maternal outcomes prevent fetal abnormalities.

Language: Английский

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