Different Swine Production Systems Can Shape Slurry Resistome at Mechanism and Class Levels Based on Swine Manure Evaluation

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 4, 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health. use in animal husbandry concern since it can favor an increase antimicrobial among farms. Herein, we aim better understand and characterize the main resistome profiles microbial communities found pig Sampling of swine manure was performed two different timepoints (October 2019 January 2020) each 14 farms, located mesoregion Western Santa Catarina state Brazil, pole product production worldwide importance. Samples were divided into three groups: farms with opened regimen no usage antimicrobials (F1; n = 10), closed (F2; 16), (F3; 2). The metagenomic evaluation obtain identify genetic elements related using nanopore sequencing. We used ResistoXplorer software perform composition, alpha beta diversity, clustering analysis. In addition, PCR reactions confirm presence or absence seven beta-lactamase family genes five phosphoethanolamine transferase gene variants clinically relevant. Our findings based on identification at mechanism level showed prevalence alteration drug target (72.3%) profile, followed by inactivation (17.5%) efflux (10.1%). identified predominantly aminoglycosides (45.3%), tetracyclines (15.9%), multiclass (11,2%) genes. PCoA analysis indicates differences between F1 F2 profiles. samples increased diversity when compared group. herein first report mcr-4 slurry sample (C1F1.1) State. general, our reinforce that many factors practices are involved profile class levels. Further studies microbiome mobilome aspects these necessary elucidate transmission pathways bacteria environments.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota of endangered Australian sea lion pups is unchanged by topical ivermectin treatment for endemic hookworm infection

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

The gut microbiota is essential for the development and maintenance of hosts' immune system. Disturbances to in early life stages can result long-lasting impacts on host health. This study aimed determine if topical ivermectin treatment endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups resulted microbial changes. was characterised untreated (control) (n = 23) treated sampled during 2019 2020/21 breeding seasons at Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island. Samples were collected pre- post-treatment up four occasions over a four-to-five-month period. both dominated by five bacterial phyla, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes. A significant difference alpha diversity between groups seen season (p 0.008), with higher richness pups. Modelling impact individual pup identification (ID), capture, weight (kg), standard length (cm), age sex beta revealed that ID accounted most variation (35% 42% 2020/21), ID, being only contributors < 0.05). There no statistically differences composition seasons, indicating did not alter microbiota. To our knowledge, this first characterise free-ranging pinniped pups, compare across multiple time points, consider parasitic overall Importantly, lack compositional changes support utility as safe minimally invasive management strategy enhance survival species.

Language: Английский

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Does ivermectin treatment for endemic hookworm infection alter the gut microbiota of endangered Australian sea lion pups?

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Abstract The gut microbiota is essential for the development and maintenance of hosts’ immune system, disturbances can impact host health. This study aimed to determine if topical ivermectin treatment endemic hookworm ( Uncinaria sanguinis ) infection in Australian sea lion Neophoca cinerea pups causes microbial changes. was characterised untreated (control) (n=23) treated sampled during 2019 2020/21 breeding seasons at Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island. Samples were collected pre- post-treatment on up four occasions. both dominated by five bacterial phyla, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria Bacteroides. There a significant difference alpha diversity between groups (p = 0.008), with greater pups. Modelling factors beta revealed that pup ID accounted most variation ID, age capture being only contributors < 0.05). no statistically differences composition seasons, indicating did not alter composition. To our knowledge, this first consider parasitic overall microbiota. Importantly, lack compositional changes support utility as safe minimally invasive management strategy enhance survival endangered species. Importance Disturbances early life stages have life-long impacts lions are declining, endemically infected which contributes mortality. Treatment has been shown effectively eliminate improve health, but previously unknown, representing key knowledge gap. results from show does pups, it aid disease mitigation conservation

Language: Английский

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Integrons, plasmids, and resistance genes in equine faecal bacteria

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a threat to both human and animal health. We aimed understand the impact of domestication antimicrobial treatment on types numbers resistant bacteria, antibiotic genes (ARGs), class 1 integrons (C1I) equine gut microbiome. Antibiotic-resistant faecal were isolated from wild horses, healthy farm horses undergoing veterinary treatment, isolates (9,083 colonies) screened by PCR for C1I; these found at frequencies 9.8% (vet horses), 0.31% (farm 0.05% (wild horses). A collection 71 unique C1I + (17 Actinobacteria 54 Proteobacteria) was subjected profiling genome sequencing. Farm yielded mostly ( Rhodococcus, Micrococcus, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Glutamibacter, Kocuria) , while vet primarily gave Proteobacteria Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Leclercia, Ochrobactrum) ; had more extensive stronger P C promoters C1Is. All flanked copies IS 6100 except Micrococcus where novel 5 family element (IS Mcte1 ) implicated mobilization. In Proteobacteria, C1I’s predominantly associated with 26 also Tn 21 1721 512 putative formaldehyde-resistance transposon (Tn 7489 ). Several large C1I-containing plasmid contigs retrieved; two (plasmid Y F) sets metal genes, including copper-resistance 7519 Both increase frequency microflora, each anthropogenic factors selects distinct group integron-containing bacteria. IMPORTANCE There increasing acknowledgement that ‘One Health’ approach required tackle growing problem resistance. This requires issue examined not only perspective medicine, but includes consideration roles antimicrobials medicine agriculture, recognises importance other ecological compartments dissemination ARGs mobile genetic elements such as C1I. have shown occurrence are unexpectedly Actinobacteria, receiving treatments, taxonomic shift occurs, typical found. identified several new (plasmids, transposons) genomic

Language: Английский

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