Lauric Acid from the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Its Potential Applications

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 10383 - 10383

Published: June 30, 2023

Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae are currently being developed as bioconversion agents for organic waste treatment. The resulting or prepupae have a high protein and lipid content, primarily used feed fish, poultry, other animals. content of BSF larvae/prepupae is influenced by the growth can reach up to 57.8%. lipids mainly consist medium-chain saturated fatty acids, with lauric acid (LA) dominant component. LA in be enhanced incorporating utilizing substrates containing highly digestible carbohydrates larval growth. 76.13% reared on fruit waste. has been reported exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer properties. Moreover, it applications various fields such pharmaceuticals, food beverages, cosmetics, body care, soaps detergents, plastics, textiles. This review aims investigate explore its potential applications, thereby establishing novel source diverse fields.

Language: Английский

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Bioconversion of Different Waste Streams of Animal and Vegetal Origin and Manure by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 204 - 204

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered a commercially viable solution for global organic waste problems. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility rearing BSFL on wide range low-value streams and its potential transform them into high-quality animal feed fertilizer. Six different origins were selected each tested in triplicate. Several parameters analysed: growth performance, reduction index (WRI), conversion efficiency (ECI) larval composition. Frass composition also analysed. Larvae reared fast food (FFW) had highest ECI WRI lowest values when pig manure slurry mixed with silage grass (PMLSG) slaughter (SW). protein content found mushroom stems (MS) although substrate content. Moreover, frass nutritional profile proportionally related substrate's profile: protein-rich (SW) resulted low-protein protein-poor frass. same true lipid In conclusion, showed that can be successfully affect chemical compositions.

Language: Английский

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Chitin contents in different black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) life stages

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 855 - 864

Published: March 17, 2023

Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens ) is a promising insect species for valorising organic side streams into biomass high in protein and lipid. However, BSF also contains chitin known to possess anti-nutritional properties hampering its applications food feed. Quantification of often disregarded studies that have quantified examined different life stages, from other affect the content. Additionally, these used quantification methods, whilst potential effects this on are unknown. To address knowledge gaps, current work macronutrient content, including chitin, all stages covering eggs flies. Six commonly applied methods were four direct (acid detergent fibre with/without amino acid correction, crude fibre, neutral fibre) two indirect (glucosamine determination by spectrophotometry (SP) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)). Independent method, was present content generally increased throughout cycle. Large differences contents were, however, observed between methods. Direct determinations yielded higher than presumably due presence nutritional components residues resulting overestimations. The UPLC method appeared be best suited BSF, having accuracy precision gravimetrical better recovery compared SP samples. nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (Kp), based sum anhydrous acids, ranged 3.35-4.11 being lowest larvae highest prepupae. In summary, study underlines both stage large impact Kp factor, which should taken account when comparing studies.

Language: Английский

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Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e17129 - e17129

Published: March 28, 2024

Background Controlling the substrate moisture is a significant challenge in black soldier fly (BSF) farming. Many substrates have high content, which results low BSF biomass and mortality. One potential solution involves incorporating dry into food mix to mitigate excessive moisture. However, little information about types quantities of available. Methods Six different materials–rice husk (RH), rice bran (RB), ash (RHA), coconut coir dust (CC), rubberwood sawdust (RSD), spent coffee grounds (SCGs)–were evaluated by combining with pure minced mixed vegetables varying proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50% weight). This study encompassed both small-scale medium-scale experiments comprehensively assess effects addition each these their on aspects development BSF, such as biomass, larval duration, mortality rates, adult sex ratio, removal efficiency mixture. Results Each had specific properties. Although RB emerged favorable owing its nutritional content substantial water-holding capacity, use (>15% weight) resulted elevated temperatures subsequent desiccation substrate, potentially leading In contrast, RH demonstrated ability support improved duration growth, permitting utilization higher (up 50%). On other hand, CC, RHA, SCG are better suited for inclusion smaller quantities. Discussion Some require pretreatment process eliminate toxic substances prior incorporation mixtures, CC SCG. A alternative employing combination various substrates. approach aims enhance control subsequently improve rearing performance.

Language: Английский

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From Food Waste to Functional Biopolymers: Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Prepupae of Black Soldier Fly Reared with Different Food Waste-Based Diets

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 278 - 278

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

The use of food waste as a rearing substrate to grow insects is an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative disposal. In the present research, Hermetia illucens prepupae were reared with standard diet, different waste-based diets based on vegetables, fruits, meat, mixed one, where previous three components equally. demineralization deproteination allowed for obtainment chitin that was then deacetylated produce chitosan. Also, bleaching chitosan attempted further purification. yield reactions investigated, infrared spectra obtained materials analyzed obtain information quantity acetylation degree trend function diet. possibility slightly modulate both biopolymers thanks specific diet enlightened. Interestingly, resulted in highest fraction having degree, lowest degree.

Language: Английский

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Fresh aquaculture sludge management with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae: investigation on bioconversion performances

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract Aquaculture solid waste (ASW) is a nutrient rich material that can pose significant environment challenge if not properly managed. This study investigated the potential of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae in converting this into biomass. Five substrates comprising chicken feed supplemented with varying proportions fresh ASW (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were formulated and evaluated for larval growth bioconversion efficiency. High nutrients retention (N: 23.25 ± 1.40%; C: 21.94 0.99%; S: 12.20 1.33%) conversion ratio (1.78 0.08) detected on substrate 100ASW, although limited feeding rate (114.54 5.38 mg dry substrate/larvae) high amount indigestible fibres (ADF = 15.87 0.24%; ADL 6.36 0.17%) translated to low (final average weight: 66.17 1.81 mg). Decreasing content resulted reduced ash, increase non-fibrous carbohydrates C/N ratio, improved utilization. However, metabolic activity suggested higher loss environment. Substrate 75ASW demonstrated best performances terms production 176.30 12.12 mg), reduction (substrate corrected by percentage ASW: 26.76 0.86%) assimilation 22.14 1.14%; 15.29 0.82%; 15.40 0.99%). closely aligned optimal BSF rearing reported literature. Overall, highlights managing ASW, offering dual benefit insect biomass production.

Language: Английский

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The hidden drivers: Unraveling the impact of density, moisture, and scale on Hermetia illucens rearing

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0317049 - e0317049

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) is a saprophagous insect known for bioconverting organic waste, potentially offering environmental benefits, such as contributing to waste reduction and nutrient cycling. performance of larvae varies significantly with factors substrate moisture, larval density, scale production. Three experiments were conducted using mix spent mushroom (SMS) chicken feed (CF). In the first experiment, 250 reared on 100 g dry matter (DM) at moisture levels 65–75%. Results showed that average individual weight, total biomass, conversion ratio (FCR) improved increased moisture. second 300 350 larvae/box tested 70% 75% highest fresh weight (158.6 mg) was observed larvae, while biomass achieved larvae. Finally, different scales (10–2,500 25–6,500 larvae) similar feeding rate. recorded scale, no clear correlation between scale. However, 50 (33.2%). Overall, this study underscores need adjust efficiency when SMS, CF or other diets. optimal results SMS per DM, approximately 2 cm .

Language: Английский

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Neural Network for AI-Driven Prediction of Larval Protein Yield: Establishing the Protein Conversion Index (PCI) for Sustainable Insect Farming

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 652 - 652

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The predictive capabilities of artificial intelligence for predicting protein yield from larval biomass present valuable advancements sustainable insect farming, an increasingly relevant alternative source. This study develops a neural network model to predict conversion efficiency based on the nutritional composition feed. utilizes structured two-layer with four neurons in each hidden layer and one output neuron, employing logistic sigmoid functions layers linear function layer. Training is performed via Bayesian regularization backpropagation minimize mean squared error, resulting high regression coefficient (R = 0.9973) low mean-squared error (MSE 0.0072401), confirming precision estimating yields. AI-driven approach serves as robust tool yields, enhancing resource promoting sustainability insect-based production.

Language: Английский

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Black soldier fly, mealworm and superworm: chemical composition and comparative effect on broiler growth

World s Poultry Science Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80(3), P. 681 - 710

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Performance of Mealworms and Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Food and Agricultural Waste and By-Products

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 233 - 233

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Mealworms and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae are two of the most reared insects at an industrial scale. Both may feed on by-products from agricultural food industries. Feed efficiency is one important aspects such processes varies between species substrates depends metabolic performance larvae. Compared to each other, both hold advantageous capabilities affecting their efficiency, likely depending substrate. We mealworms BSF a diverse selection industries, quantified major rates across life spans, compared performances. The type had stronger effects growth than Generally, were in terms highest maximal specific rate (0.50–0.77 day−1) assimilation (0.81–1.16 shortest development period (23–25 days) but disadvantageous maintenance cost (0.07–0.21 day−1). In mealworms, 0.02–0.11 day−1, 0.16–0.37 was least 65–93 days, while only 0.02–0.05 day−1. contrast larvae, weight dependent lowest largest individuals. combined outcome these resulted average carbon net NGE*avg 0.16–0.40 0.33–0.56 span. It thus seems that more versatile somewhat efficient converting into mealworms. Differences affected substrate conversion efficiencies (i.e., ratio gain reduced substrates) impact overall insect farming.

Language: Английский

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