Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 327 - 370
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
‘The
neurology
of
anxiety—planning
circuits’
extends
the
anxiolytic-derived
neuropsychology
survival
circuits
(including
hippocampus
and
anterior
cingulate
cortex)
to
goal
planning
prefrontal
cortex.
It
first
discusses
results
from
issues
with
early
work
using
lesions
as
treatments
neurotic
disorders
considers
evolution
frontal
cortex
in
context
defence
hierarchy
emphasizing
fact
that
‘deeper’
areas
are
phylogenetically
more
ancient.
then
details
anatomy
cortex,
importance
active
memory
dorsal
ventral
trend
perception-action
cycles,
control
conflict.
also
describes
a
‘mesial’
linked
internal
insula
source
monitoring
arousal/attention
outputs
Goal
Inhibition
System
(GIS).
The
final
sections
integrate
these
data
into
new,
extended,
2D
theory
systems.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 4, 2023
To
avoid
predation,
animals
perform
defensive
actions
that
are
both
instinctive
and
adaptable
to
the
environment.
In
mice,
decision
escape
from
imminent
threats
is
implemented
by
a
feed-forward
circuit
in
midbrain,
where
excitatory
VGluT2
+
neurons
dorsal
periaqueductal
gray
(dPAG)
compute
initiation
vigour
threat
evidence.
Here
we
show
GABAergic
VGAT
dPAG
dynamically
control
this
process
modulating
excitability
of
neurons.
Using
vitro
patchclamp
vivo
neural
activity
recordings
freely
behaving
mice
found
fire
action
potentials
tonically
absence
synaptic
inputs
major
source
inhibition
Activity
these
spontaneously
firing
cells
transiently
decreases
at
onset
increases
during
escape,
peaking
termination.
Optogenetically
increasing
or
decreasing
bidirectionally
changes
probability
when
stimulation
delivered
time
onset,
duration
after
initiation.
We
conclude
sets
threshold
for
controls
execution
flight
locomotor
action.
PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(11), P. e3002386 - e3002386
Published: Nov. 20, 2023
Defensive
responses
to
visually
threatening
stimuli
represent
an
essential
fear-related
survival
instinct,
widely
detected
across
species.
The
neural
circuitry
mediating
triggered
defensive
has
been
delineated
in
the
midbrain.
However,
molecular
mechanisms
regulating
development
and
function
of
these
circuits
remain
unresolved.
Here,
we
show
that
midbrain-specific
deletion
transcription
factor
Brn3b
causes
a
loss
neurons
projecting
lateral
posterior
nucleus
thalamus.
also
down-regulates
expression
neuropeptide
tachykinin
2
(Tac2).
Furthermore,
mutant
mice
display
impaired
freezing
visual
threat
precipitated
by
social
isolation.
This
behavioral
phenotype
could
be
ameliorated
overexpressing
Tac2,
suggesting
Tac2
acts
downstream
threat.
Together,
our
experiments
identify
specific
genetic
components
critical
for
functional
organization
midbrain
circuits.
Similar
may
contribute
additional
long-range
brain
underlying
fear-associated
behavior.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 167 - 188
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
‘What
do
hippocampal
cell
fields
represent?’
argues
against
the
conventional
idea
of
‘place’
fields.
Clear
eyeblink,
time,
displace,
and
other
‘fields’
argue
place
per
se;
as
failures
most
obvious
to
map
space
either
externally
or
in
brain;
with
‘remapping’
being
inconsistent
any
truly
spatial
metric.
As
visual
firing
is
not
a
good
guide
information
coded.
Hippocampal
easily
understood
receipt
efference
copies
from
distributed
assemblies
that
code
available
goals;
dorsal
ventral
cells
largely
echoing
cortical
trends
‘where’
‘what’
goal,
respectively.
Head
direction
cells,
path
integration,
topographic
mapping
hippocampus
are
also
discussed.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 46
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
This
chapter
provides
an
overview
of
the
need
for
a
neuropsychology
anxiety,
distinction
between
anxiety
and
fear,
definition
‘anxiety’
via
actions
selective
anxiolytic
drugs,
septo-hippocampal
system
(SHS)
as
central
to
control
goal
inhibition
that
underlies
adaptive
pathological
anxiety.
A
key
hippocampal
operation
is
motivated
suppression
goals
can,
in
excess,
deliver
disorder
and,
when
weak,
catastrophic
hypermnesia.
Attraction,
repulsion,
conflict
are
controlled
by
interlinked
hierarchical
systems,
sensitivity
which
personality
traits
that,
extreme,
result
psychiatric
disorder.
The
these
systems
solution
current
problems
with
diagnosis,
reinforcement
theory
(RST)
personality,
understanding
treatment
sensitivity,
resistance,
comorbidity
disorders.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 327 - 370
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
‘The
neurology
of
anxiety—planning
circuits’
extends
the
anxiolytic-derived
neuropsychology
survival
circuits
(including
hippocampus
and
anterior
cingulate
cortex)
to
goal
planning
prefrontal
cortex.
It
first
discusses
results
from
issues
with
early
work
using
lesions
as
treatments
neurotic
disorders
considers
evolution
frontal
cortex
in
context
defence
hierarchy
emphasizing
fact
that
‘deeper’
areas
are
phylogenetically
more
ancient.
then
details
anatomy
cortex,
importance
active
memory
dorsal
ventral
trend
perception-action
cycles,
control
conflict.
also
describes
a
‘mesial’
linked
internal
insula
source
monitoring
arousal/attention
outputs
Goal
Inhibition
System
(GIS).
The
final
sections
integrate
these
data
into
new,
extended,
2D
theory
systems.
