Optimal Protection Coordination for Grid-Connected and Islanded Microgrids Assisted by the Crow Search Algorithm: Application of Dual-Setting Overcurrent Relays and Fault Current Limiters DOI Creative Commons

Hossien Shad,

Hamid Amini Khanavandi,

Saeed Abrisham Foroushan Asl

et al.

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1601 - 1601

Published: March 23, 2025

This paper introduces a two-stage protection coordination framework designed for grid-connected and islanded microgrids (MGs) that integrate distributed generations (DGs) energy storage systems (ESSs). The first stage focuses on determining the optimal location sizing of DGs ESSs within MG to ensure stable reliable operation. objective is minimize combined annual investment expected operational costs while adhering power flow equations governing MG, which incorporates both ESSs. To account inherent uncertainties in load DG generation, scenario-based stochastic programming (SBSP) used model these variations effectively. second develops strategy MGs, aiming achieve rapid efficient protective response. achieved by optimizing settings dual-setting overcurrent relays (DSORs) appropriate fault current limiters (FCLs), using data from MG’s daily performance. goal total operating time DSORs primary backup modes respecting critical constraints such as interval (CTI) limits FCLs. solve this complex optimization problem, Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) employed, ensuring derivation effective solutions. implemented 9-bus 32-bus demonstrating its practical applicability evaluating effectiveness real-world scenarios. proposed method achieves an relay operation 1041.36 s 1282 MG. Additionally, results indicate reduction maximum voltage deviation 0.0073 p.u. (grid-connected mode) 0.0038 (islanded decrease loss 1.0114 MWh 0.9435 MWh. CSA solver outperforms conventional methods, achieving standard 1.13% 1.21% two stages, high reliability computational efficiency. work not only provides valuable insights into but also contributes broader effort enhancing economic viability microgrid systems, are becoming increasingly vital sustainable solutions modern grids.

Language: Английский

Optimal Protection Coordination for Grid-Connected and Islanded Microgrids Assisted by the Crow Search Algorithm: Application of Dual-Setting Overcurrent Relays and Fault Current Limiters DOI Creative Commons

Hossien Shad,

Hamid Amini Khanavandi,

Saeed Abrisham Foroushan Asl

et al.

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1601 - 1601

Published: March 23, 2025

This paper introduces a two-stage protection coordination framework designed for grid-connected and islanded microgrids (MGs) that integrate distributed generations (DGs) energy storage systems (ESSs). The first stage focuses on determining the optimal location sizing of DGs ESSs within MG to ensure stable reliable operation. objective is minimize combined annual investment expected operational costs while adhering power flow equations governing MG, which incorporates both ESSs. To account inherent uncertainties in load DG generation, scenario-based stochastic programming (SBSP) used model these variations effectively. second develops strategy MGs, aiming achieve rapid efficient protective response. achieved by optimizing settings dual-setting overcurrent relays (DSORs) appropriate fault current limiters (FCLs), using data from MG’s daily performance. goal total operating time DSORs primary backup modes respecting critical constraints such as interval (CTI) limits FCLs. solve this complex optimization problem, Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) employed, ensuring derivation effective solutions. implemented 9-bus 32-bus demonstrating its practical applicability evaluating effectiveness real-world scenarios. proposed method achieves an relay operation 1041.36 s 1282 MG. Additionally, results indicate reduction maximum voltage deviation 0.0073 p.u. (grid-connected mode) 0.0038 (islanded decrease loss 1.0114 MWh 0.9435 MWh. CSA solver outperforms conventional methods, achieving standard 1.13% 1.21% two stages, high reliability computational efficiency. work not only provides valuable insights into but also contributes broader effort enhancing economic viability microgrid systems, are becoming increasingly vital sustainable solutions modern grids.

Language: Английский

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