The Discovery, Distribution, and Evolution of Viruses Associated with Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. e1002210 - e1002210

Published: July 14, 2015

Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable invertebrate model for viral infection and antiviral immunity, focus studies of insect-virus coevolution. Here we use metagenomic approach to identify more than 20 previously undetected RNA viruses DNA virus associated with wild D. melanogaster. These not only include distant relatives known insect pathogens but also novel groups insect-infecting viruses. By sequencing virus-derived small RNAs, show that the represent active infections Drosophila. We find differ in number properties their detect both siRNAs miRNA from virus. Analysis RNAs allows us putative sequences lack detectable sequence similarity surveying >2,000 individually collected adult 30% carry virus, 6% multiple However, despite high prevalence Wolbachia endosymbiont—which be protective against Drosophila—we were unable any relationship between presence Using publicly available RNA-seq datasets, community laboratories very different seen wild, some newly discovered are nevertheless widespread laboratory lines ubiquitous cell culture. individual wild-collected flies shared simulans. Our results provide an essential evolutionary ecological context host–virus interaction Drosophila, reported will help develop further as molecular research.

Language: Английский

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Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 623 - 638

Published: April 19, 2021

Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms. Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host organism. However, growing evidence suggests that microbial symbionts evolve rapidly, resulting in drastic transitions along parasite–mutualist continuum. In this Review, we integrate theoretical empirical findings discuss mechanisms underpinning these evolutionary shifts, as well ecological drivers why some host–microorganism may stuck at end of addition having biomedical consequences, understanding dynamic life microorganisms reveals how symbioses shape an organism's biology entire community, particularly a changing world. for organisms. Drew, Stevens King continuum, underlying changes, selective pressures involved common approaches studying them.

Language: Английский

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The phylogenomics of evolving virus virulence

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 756 - 769

Published: Oct. 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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Emerging Concepts of Data Integration in Pathogen Phylodynamics

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. syw054 - syw054

Published: June 10, 2016

Phylodynamics has become an increasingly popular statistical framework to extract evolutionary and epidemiological information from pathogen genomes. By harnessing such information, epidemiologists aim shed light on the spatio-temporal patterns of spread test hypotheses about underlying interaction ecological dynamics in populations. Although field witnessed a rich development inference tools with increasing levels sophistication, these initially focused sequences as their sole primary data source. Integrating various sources however, promises deliver more precise insights infectious diseases increase opportunities for hypothesis testing. Here, we review how emerging concept integration is stimulating new advances Bayesian methodology which formalize marriage thinking biology. These approaches include connecting sequence trait evolution, host, phenotypic geographic sampling but also incorporation covariates epidemic processes reconstruction procedures. We highlight full approach covariate modeling testing can generate further into population Specific examples demonstrate be used impact host rabies HIV rates, identify drivers influenza dispersal well determinants cross-species transmissions, quantify antigenicity. Finally, briefly discuss now permeating through transmission dynamics, leading novel tree-generative detailed reconstructions trees. [Bayesian inference; birth–death models; coalescent continuous evolution; covariates; integration; discrete phylodynamics.

Language: Английский

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Twenty-Five New Viruses Associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera)

Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 12s2

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Drosophila melanogaster is an important laboratory model for studies of antiviral immunity in invertebrates, and species provide a valuable system to study virus host range switching. Here, we use metagenomic RNA sequencing about 1600 adult flies discover 25 new viruses associated with six different drosophilid hosts the wild. We also comprehensive listing previously reported from Drosophilidae. The include Iflaviruses, Rhabdoviruses, Nodaviruses, Reoviruses, members unclassified lineages distantly related Negeviruses, Sobemoviruses, Poleroviruses, Flaviviridae, Tombusviridae. Among these are close relatives X Flock House virus, which find association wild immigrans. These two widely used experimental but have not been naturally infect Drosophila. Although detect no DNA viruses, D. immigrans obscura, identify sequences very closely Armadillidium vulgare iridescent (Invertebrate 31), bringing total number found Drosophilidae three.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Arms Race between Virus and Host Drives Genetic Diversity in Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Spike Genes

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 94(20)

Published: July 23, 2020

Evolutionary arms race dynamics shape the diversity of viruses and their receptors. Identification key residues which are involved in interspecies transmission is important to predict potential pathogen spillover from wildlife humans. Previously, we have identified genetically diverse SARSr-CoVs Chinese horseshoe bats. Here, show highly polymorphic ACE2 bat populations. These variants support SARS-CoV SARSr-CoV infection but with different binding affinities spike proteins. The higher affinity human suggests that these capacity for positive selection at interface between protein long-term ongoing coevolutionary them. Continued surveillance this group bats necessary prevention next SARS-like disease.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 evolution in animals suggests mechanisms for rapid variant selection

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(44)

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Significance SARS-CoV-2 emerged because of viral spillover from animals to humans, and spillback other animal species has been observed with accelerating frequency. Cross-species transmission generally results in the rapid adaptation virus new host, repeated transmissions may hasten evolution novel strain emergence. We report surprisingly selection numerous variants cell culture following infection nonhuman mammalian hosts, including dogs cats. These molecular changes provide insight into mechanisms host adaptation, lay groundwork for additional studies assessing dominant variant fitness phenotype, highlight potential human reinfection arising close frequent contact humans.

Language: Английский

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The evolution, diversity, and host associations of rhabdoviruses

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Metagenomic studies are leading to the discovery of a hidden diversity RNA viruses. These new viruses poorly characterized and approaches needed predict host species these pose risk to. The rhabdoviruses diverse family that includes important pathogens humans, animals, plants. We have discovered thirty-two through combination our own sequencing insects searching public sequence databases. Combining with previously known sequences we reconstructed phylogeny 195 rhabdovirus sequences, produced most in depth analysis date. In cases know nothing about biology beyond they were identified from, but dataset provides powerful phylogenetic approach which vector-borne specific vertebrates or arthropods. By reconstructing ancestral present states found switches between major groups hosts occurred rarely during evolution. This allowed us propose seventy-six likely vertebrate among from biting insects. Based on currently available data, suggests it is there was single origin plant arthropod-borne viruses, while vertebrate- arthropod-specific arose at least twice. There also few transitions aquatic terrestrial ecosystems. Viruses cluster together finer scale, closely related tending be hosts. Our data therefore suggest throughout their evolution, occasionally jumped distantly before spreading same environment. offers way probable key traits newly

Language: Английский

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Exploiting insect-specific viruses as a novel strategy to control vector-borne disease

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 50 - 56

Published: Feb. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 374(1782), P. 20190296 - 20190296

Published: Aug. 12, 2019

Historically, efforts to assess ‘zoonotic risk’ have focused mainly on quantifying the potential for cross-species emergence of viruses from animal hosts. However, clearly differ in relative burden, both terms morbidity and mortality (virulence) incurred capacity sustained human-to-human transmission. Extending previously published databases, we delineated host viral traits predictive human associated with spillover, transmit between humans following spillover probability a given virus being zoonotic. We demonstrate that increasing phylogenetic distance positively correlates but negatively transmissibility, suggesting virulence induced by emerging hosts at high may limit Our key result is most closely related harbour zoonoses lower impact mortality, while distantly hosts—in particular, order Chiroptera (bats)—harbour highly virulent endemic establishment As whole, our results emphasize importance understanding how manifest population also highlight risks multi-host transmission chains spillover. This article part theme issue ‘Dynamic integrative approaches pathogen spillover’.

Language: Английский

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