A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Latitudinal Clines in Climate and Sleep Patterns Shape Disease Outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster Infected by Metarhizium anisopliae DOI Creative Commons

Mintong Nan,

Jonathan B. Wang,

Michail Siokis

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Major latitudinal clines have been observed in Drosophila melanogaster , a human commensal that originated tropical Africa and has subsequently dispersed globally to colonize temperate habitats. However, despite the crucial role pathogens play species distribution, our understanding of how geographical factors influence disease susceptibility remains limited. This investigation explored effects biomes on resistance using common fly pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae 43 global populations. The findings revealed correlations between gradients sleep duration, temperature, humidity. Although enhanced defenses may be driven by fungal diversity at latitudes, most disease‐resistant males also showed highest desiccation. suggests potential trade‐offs abiotic stress resistance, necessary for survival habitats, resistance. Furthermore, study uncovered interactions sex, mating status, sleep, stresses, affecting Notably, longer‐sleeping virgin flies survived infections longer, with additional daytime post‐infection being protective, particularly resistant lines. These observations support hypothesis defense are intertwined traits linked organismal fitness subject joint clinal evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Distinct Bomanins at theDrosophila 55Clocus function in resistance and resilience to infections DOI Creative Commons
Yanyan Lou,

Bo Zhang,

Zhiyuan Zhang

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract Host defense against many Gram-positive bacteria and fungal pathogens is mainly provided by the Toll-dependent systemic immune response in Drosophila . While antimicrobial peptides active these categories of contribute only modestly to protection, Bomanin are major effectors Toll pathway. Remarkably, flies deleted for 55C locus that contains 10 genes as sensitive pathway mutant infections. Yet, exact functions single Bomanins resistance or resilience infections remain poorly characterized. Here, we have extensively studied role genes. BomT1 Enterococcus faecalis while playing a Metarhizium robertsii infection, like BomS2. BomT2 prevent dissemination Candida albicans throughout host, even though they not sufficient confer protection immunodeficient this pathogen survival experiments. Furthermore, BomBc1 mutants an Aspergillus fumigatus ribotoxin. We conclude defined albeit sometimes overlapping roles different facets host

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of aDrosophilaimmune peptide DOI Creative Commons

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0