An array of Zymoseptoria tritici effectors suppress plant immune responses DOI Creative Commons
Elisha Thynne, Haider Ali, Kyungyong Seong

et al.

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Zymoseptoria tritici is the most economically significant fungal pathogen of wheat in Europe. However, despite importance this pathogen, molecular interactions between and host during infection are not well understood. Herein, we describe use two libraries cloned Z . effectors that were screened to identify effector candidates with putative pathogen‐associated pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI)‐suppressing activity. The from each library transiently expressed Nicotiana benthamiana , expressing leaves treated bacterial or PAMPs assess effectors' ability suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. From these screens, numerous identified PTI‐suppressing In addition, some able cell death responses induced by other secreted proteins. We used structural prediction tools predict structures all predictions examine whether there was enrichment specific signatures among effectors. libraries, multiple members killer protein‐like 4 (KP4) 6 (KP6) families as PTI suppressors. This observation intriguing, protein previously associated antimicrobial activity rather than virulence manipulation. data provides mechanistic insight into immune suppression suggests that, similar biotrophic pathogens, fungus relies on a battery early phases colonization.

Language: Английский

Quantitative pathogenicity and host adaptation in a fungal plant pathogen revealed by whole-genome sequencing DOI Creative Commons
Reda Amezrou,

Aurélie Ducasse,

Jérôme Compain

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 2, 2024

Abstract Knowledge of genetic determinism and evolutionary dynamics mediating host-pathogen interactions is essential to manage fungal plant diseases. Studies on the architecture pathogenicity often focus large-effect effector genes triggering strong, qualitative resistance. It not clear how this translates predominately quantitative interactions. Here, we use Zymoseptoria tritici -wheat model elucidate mechanisms host adaptation. With a multi-host genome-wide association study, identify 19 high-confidence candidate associated with pathogenicity. Analysis diversity reveals that sequence polymorphism main process differences in pathogenicity, likely facilitated by recombination transposable element dynamics. Finally, functional approaches confirm role an effector-like gene methyltransferase phenotypic variation. This study highlights complex extensive diversifying selection plausible facilitating pathogen

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Septoria tritici blotch resistance gene Stb15 encodes a lectin receptor-like kinase DOI Creative Commons
Amber N. Hafeez,

Laëtitia Chartrain,

Cong Feng

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2025

Abstract Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Zymoseptoria , is one of most damaging diseases bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) 1 and target costly fungicide applications 2 . In line with fungus’s apoplastic lifestyle, STB resistance genes isolated to date encode receptor-like kinases (RLKs) including a wall-associated kinase Stb6 cysteine-rich Stb16q 3,4 Here we used genome-wide association studies on diverse panel 300 whole-genome shotgun-sequenced landraces (WatSeq consortium 5 identify 99-kb region containing six candidates for Stb15 gene. Mutagenesis transgenesis confirmed gene encoding an intronless G-type lectin RLK as The characterization exemplifies unexpected diversity RLKs conferring Z. in wheat.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
An array ofZymoseptoria triticieffectors suppress plant immune responses DOI Creative Commons

E. Thynne,

Hasan Ali, Ki Woong Seong

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Zymoseptoria tritici is the most economically significant fungal pathogen of wheat in Europe. However, despite importance this pathogen, molecular interactions between and host during infection are not well understood. Herein, we describe use two libraries cloned Z. effectors that were screened to identify effector candidates with putative associated pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI)-suppressing activity. The from each library transiently expressed Nicotiana benthamiana , expressing leaves treated bacterial or PAMPs assess effectors’ ability suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. From these screens, numerous identified PTI-suppressing In addition, some able cell death responses induced by other secreted proteins. We used structural prediction tools predict structures all effectors, predictions examine whether there was enrichment specific signatures among effectors. libraries, multiple members killer protein-like 4 (KP4) 6 (KP6) families as PTI-suppressors. This observation intriguing, protein previously antimicrobial activity rather than virulence manipulation. data provides mechanistic insight into immune suppression infection, suggests similar biotrophic pathogens, fungus relies on a battery early phases colonisation.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Genome engineering of disease susceptibility genes for enhancing resistance in plants DOI

Ritika Bishnoi,

Sehgeet Kaur,

Jagdeep Singh Sandhu

et al.

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3)

Published: June 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Multiplexed effector screening for recognition by endogenous resistance genes using positive defense reporters in wheat protoplasts DOI Creative Commons
Salome Wilson, Bayantes Dagvadorj, Rita Tam

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(6), P. 2621 - 2636

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Summary Plant resistance ( R ) and pathogen avirulence Avr gene interactions play a vital role in resistance. Efficient molecular screening tools for crops lack far behind their model organism counterparts, yet they are essential to rapidly identify agriculturally important that trigger host Here, we have developed novel wheat protoplast assay enables efficient of Avr/R at scale. Our allows access the extensive pool phenotypically described genes because it does not require overexpression cloned genes. It is suitable multiplexed screening, with tested pools up 50 candidates. We identified Avr/R‐induced defense create promoter‐luciferase reporter. Then, combined this dual‐color ratiometric reporter system normalizes read‐outs accounting experimental variability cell death. Moreover, introduced self‐replicative plasmid reducing amount used assay. increases throughput candidate accelerating study cellular signaling identification wheat. anticipate our will significantly accelerate many pathogens, leading improved genome‐guided surveillance breeding disease‐resistant crops.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Molecular screening of septoria resistance genes in international bread wheat germplasm using the close linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers DOI
Fatih Ölmez

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102584 - 102584

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Diversification, loss, and virulence gains of the major effector AvrStb6 during continental spread of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici DOI Creative Commons
Ana Margarida Sampaio, Sabina Moser Tralamazza,

Faharidine Mohamadi

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012983 - e1012983

Published: March 31, 2025

Interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts are highly dynamic mainly driven by pathogen effectors receptors. Host-pathogen co-evolution can cause rapid diversification or loss of genes encoding host-exposed proteins. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such sequence dynamics remains poorly investigated at the scale entire species. Here, we focus on AvrStb6, a major effector global wheat Zymoseptoria tritici, evolving in response to cognate receptor Stb6, resistance widely deployed wheat. We comprehensively captured gene evolution analyzing thousand-genome panel using reference-free analyses. found AvrStb6 has diversified into 59 protein isoforms with strong association spreading new continents. Across Europe, strongest differentiation consistent high rates Stb6 deployment. locus showed also remarkable transposable element content specific expansion patterns across globe. detected losses evidence for element-mediated disruptions. used virulence datasets genome-wide mapping studies predict changes panel. Genomic predictions suggested marked increases cultivars concomitant spread Europe subsequent further Finally, genotyped French bread monitored resistant cultivar deployment evolution. Taken together, our data provides comprehensive view how rapidly diversifying undergo large-scale gains cultivars. analyses highlight need sequencing panels assess durability improve sustainability strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe DOI Creative Commons

Jigisha Jigisha,

Jeanine Ly,

Nikolaos Minadakis

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. e3003097 - e3003097

Published: May 2, 2025

Agricultural diseases are a major threat to sustainable food production. Yet, for many pathogens we know exceptionally little about their epidemiological and population dynamics, this knowledge gap is slowing the development of efficient control strategies. Here study genomics molecular epidemiology wheat powdery mildew, disease caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici (Bgt). We sampled Bgt across two consecutive years, 2022 2023, compiled genomic dataset 415 isolates from 22 countries in Europe surrounding regions. identified single epidemic unit north Europe, consisting highly homogeneous population. Conversely, south hosts smaller local populations which less interconnected. In addition, show that structure can be largely predicted prevalent wind patterns. several loci were under selection recent past, including fungicide targets avirulence genes. Some these common between populations, while others not, suggesting different selective pressures. reconstructed evolutionary history one loci, AvrPm17 , coding an effector recognized receptor Pm17. found evidence soft sweep on standing genetic variation. Multiple haplotypes, partially escape recognition Pm17, spread rapidly throughout continent upon its introduction early 2000s. also new virulent variant, emerged more recently evade Pm17 resistance altogether. Overall, highlight potential surveillance resolving dynamics agricultural pathogens, as well guiding

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Quantitative and qualitative plant-pathogen interactions call upon similar pathogenicity genes with a spectrum of effects DOI Creative Commons
Camilla Langlands-Perry,

Anaïs Pitarch,

Nicolas Lapalu

et al.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 10, 2023

Septoria leaf blotch is a foliar wheat disease controlled by combination of plant genetic resistances and fungicides use. R- gene-based qualitative resistance durability limited due to gene-for-gene interactions with fungal avirulence ( Avr ) genes. Quantitative considered more durable but the mechanisms involved are not well documented. We hypothesize that genes in quantitative plant-pathogen similar. A bi-parental population Zymoseptoria tritici was inoculated on cultivar ‘Renan’ linkage analysis performed map QTL. Three pathogenicity QTL, Qzt-I05-1, Qzt-I05-6 Qzt-I07-13 , were mapped chromosomes 1, 6 13 Z. candidate gene chromosome selected based its effector-like characteristics. The cloned Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation, pathology test assessed effect mutant strains ‘Renan’. This demonstrated be pathogenicity. By cloning newly annotated quantitative-effect effector-like, we underlying QTL can similar opens up previously probed possibility ‘gene-for-gene’ underlies only also this pathosystem.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Septoria tritici blotch resistance geneStb15encodes a lectin receptor-like kinase DOI Open Access
Amber N. Hafeez,

Laëtitia Chartrain,

Cong Feng

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Abstract Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Zymoseptoria , is of one most damaging diseases bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) 1 and target costly fungicide applications 2 . In line with fungus’ apoplastic lifestyle, STB resistance genes isolated to date encode receptor-like kinases (RLKs) including a wall-associated kinase Stb6 cysteine-rich Stb16q 3,4 Here, we used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on panel 300 whole-genome shotgun-sequenced diverse landraces (WatSeq consortium) identify 99 kb region containing six candidates for Stb15 gene. Mutagenesis transgenesis confirmed gene encoding an intronless G-type lectin RLK (LecRK) as The characterisation exemplifies unexpected diversity RLKs conferring Z. in wheat.

Language: Английский

Citations

10