Predictors of HIV rebound differ by timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

BACKGROUND. Identifying factors that predict the timing of HIV rebound after treatment interruption will be crucial for designing and evaluating interventions remission.

Language: Английский

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Understanding early HIV-1 rebound dynamics following antiretroviral therapy interruption: The importance of effector cell expansion

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. e1012236 - e1012236

Published: July 29, 2024

Most people living with HIV-1 experience rapid viral rebound once antiretroviral therapy is interrupted; however, a small fraction remain in remission for an extended duration. Understanding the factors that determine whether likely after treatment interruption can enable development of optimal regimens and therapeutic interventions to potentially achieve functional cure HIV-1. We built upon theoretical framework proposed by Conway Perelson construct dynamic models virus-immune interactions study influence dynamics. evaluated these using load data from 24 individuals following interruption. The best-performing model accurately captures heterogeneity dynamics highlights importance effector cell expansion rate. Our results show post-treatment controllers non-controllers be distinguished based on rate our models. Furthermore, demonstrate potential incorporating response understand early post-antiretroviral

Language: Английский

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The utility of nonhuman primate models for understanding acute HIV-1 infection

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Purpose of review Nonhuman primate (NHP) models HIV-1 infection provide complementary experimental pathways for assessing aspects acute (AHI) that cannot be addressed in humans. This article reviews studies SIV-infected or SHIV-infected macaque species over the previous 18 months. Recent findings Reviewed examined dynamics replication-competent viral reservoir establishment during early infection, maintenance throughout therapy, and factors influencing rebound after treatment cessation. Also discussed are events central nervous system liver potential links between these manifestations comorbidities chronic infection. Additional how occurrences impact development natural control posttreatment control. Another report evaluated with broadly neutralizing antibodies enhanced ability to engage innate immune cells, highlighting this intervention shape adaptive antiviral responses. Summary NHP a fundamental research tool investigating AHI events. These enable detailed pathogenesis characterization testing hypothesis-driven strategies altering disease courses through interventions AHI, including targeting persistence persist

Language: Английский

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Advances in the mathematical modeling of posttreatment control of HIV-1

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 92 - 98

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Purpose of review Several new intervention strategies have shown significant improvements over antiretroviral therapy (ART) in eliciting lasting posttreatment control (PTC) HIV-1. Advances mathematical modelling offered mechanistic insights into PTC and the workings these interventions. We advances. Recent findings Broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb)–based therapies large increases ART frequency duration elicited. Early viral dynamics models with been advanced to elucidate underlying mechanisms, including role CD8 + T cells. These characterize as an alternative set-point, low load, predict routes achieving it. Large-scale omic datasets host factors associated PTC. Correspondingly, classes models, those using learning techniques, helped exploit deduce causal links associations. Models also that either target proviral reservoir, modulate immune responses, or both, assessing their translatability. Summary modeling better PTC, elucidated quantified mechanisms which interventions elicit it, informed translational efforts.

Language: Английский

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Understanding early HIV-1 rebound dynamics following antiretroviral therapy interruption: The importance of effector cell expansion

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2024

Most people living with HIV-1 experience rapid viral rebound once antiretroviral therapy is interrupted; however, a small fraction remain in remission for an extended duration. Understanding the factors that determine whether likely after treatment interruption can enable development of optimal regimens and therapeutic interventions to potentially achieve functional cure HIV-1. We built upon theoretical framework proposed by Conway Perelson construct dynamic models virus-immune interactions study influence dynamics. evaluated these using load data from 24 individuals following interruption. The best-performing model accurately captures heterogeneity dynamics highlights importance effector cell expansion rate. Our results show post-treatment controllers non-controllers be distinguished based on rate our models. Furthermore, demonstrate potential incorporating response understand early post-antiretroviral

Language: Английский

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