Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection depends on genetic background in female mice
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 23, 2024
Antigenically
distinct
SARS-CoV-2
variants
increase
the
reinfection
risk
for
vaccinated
and
previously
exposed
population
due
to
antibody
neutralization
escape.
COVID-19
severity
depends
on
many
variables,
including
host
immune
responses,
which
differ
depending
genetic
predisposition.
To
address
this,
we
perform
profiling
of
female
mice
with
different
backgrounds
–transgenic
K18-hACE2
wild-type
129S1–
infected
severe
B.1.351,
30
days
after
exposure
milder
BA.1
or
H1N1.
Prior
infection
protects
against
B.1.351-induced
morbidity
in
but
aggravates
disease
129S1.
H1N1
only
Enhanced
B.1.351
re-infected
129S1
is
characterized
by
an
IL-10,
IL-1β,
IL-18
IFN-γ,
while
cytokine
profile
resembles
naïve
undergoing
their
first
viral
infection.
pathology
during
cannot
be
attributed
weaker
adaptive
responses
BA.1.
Infection
causes
long-term
differential
remodeling
transcriptional
changes
bronchioalveolar
CD11c+
compartment.
cells
show
a
strong
antiviral
defense
expression
whereas
present
more
pro-inflammatory
response
upon
restimulation.
In
conclusion,
induces
cross-reactive
129S1,
outcome
correlates
alveolar
space.
Genetic
disposition
can
impact
virus
Here,
authors
used
approach
antigenically
Omicron
Beta
that
differences
correlate
mouse
models
background
reinfection.
Language: Английский
Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections
Journal of Leukocyte Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
Abstract
Eosinophils
are
a
critical
type
of
immune
cell
and
central
players
in
2
immunity.
Existing
literature
suggests
that
eosinophils
also
can
play
role
host
antiviral
responses,
typically
1
events,
against
multiple
respiratory
viruses,
both
directly
through
release
mediators
indirectly
activation
other
effector
types.
One
way
to
prime
responses
toward
effective
is
vaccination,
where
1–skewed
immunity
desirable
the
context
intracellular
pathogens
like
viruses.
In
realm
breakthrough
viral
infection
vaccinated
hosts,
an
event
which
virus
still
establish
productive
despite
preexisting
immunity,
most
prominently
known
for
their
link
vaccine-associated
enhanced
disease
upon
natural
syncytial
infection.
This
was
observed
pediatric
cohort
during
1960s
following
vaccination
with
formalin-inactivated
virus.
More
recent
research
has
unveiled
additional
roles
eosinophil
The
specific
contribution
quality
vaccine
efficacy,
hosts
remains
largely
unexplored,
especially
regarding
potential
protection.
On
basis
current
findings,
we
will
speculate
suggested
function
consider
many
ways
by
may
exert
protective
pathological
effects
infections.
We
discuss
how
balance
efficacy
eosinophil-related
risks,
as
well
use
products
biomarkers
or
adverse
events.
Language: Английский
Eosinophils protect against SARS-CoV-2 following a vaccine breakthrough infection
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 10, 2024
Waning
immunity
and
the
emergence
of
immune
evasive
SARS-CoV-2
variants
jeopardize
vaccine
efficacy
leading
to
breakthrough
infections.
We
have
previously
shown
that
innate
cells
play
a
critical
role
in
controlling
SARS-CoV-2.
To
investigate
response
during
infections,
we
modeled
infections
by
challenging
low-dose
vaccinated
mice
with
vaccine-mismatched
Beta
variant.
found
infected
had
2-log
reduction
lung
viral
burden,
but
increased
cell
infiltration
parenchyma,
characterized
monocytes,
monocyte-derived
macrophages,
eosinophils.
Single
RNA-seq
revealed
RNA
was
highly
associated
eosinophils
corresponded
unique
IFN-γ
biased
signature.
Antibody-mediated
depletion
resulted
virus
replication
dissemination
lungs,
demonstrating
lungs
are
protective
These
results
highlight
for
mediated
protection
against
Language: Английский