mosGILT controls innate immunity and germ cell development in Anopheles gambiae

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Gene-edited mosquitoes lacking a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like protein, namely (mosGILT

Language: Английский

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Implications of successive blood feeding on Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus inhibition in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne that poses continued and increasing threat to public health. A promising strategy mitigate the burden of DENV introgression virus-inhibiting Wolbachia pipientis bacterium into Aedes aegypti populations in field. While previous studies on -mediated inhibition have typically assessed viral replication following single bloodmeal, main vector DENV, Ae. , feeds frequently, often biting multiple hosts per gonotrophic cycle promptly attempting refeed egg laying. Previously, we demonstrated successive blood feeding reduces extrinsic incubation period (EIP) shortens time it takes for mosquito be able transmit viruses new host. With this mind, investigated impact meals serotype 2 (DENV-2) presence or absence ( w AlbB MelM). We found both WT transinfected had increased DENV-2 dissemination 7 days post-infection as well higher body titers double-fed groups. Using these empirical data binomial regression model, estimated probability mosquitoes surviving EIP. When odds EIP with relative mosquitoes, chances more than indicating strong inhibitory effect even context natural frequent behavior. Our work shows behavior should considered when assessing effects DENV.

Language: Английский

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Resources Modulate Developmental Shifts but Not Infection Tolerance Upon Co‐Infection in an Insect System

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Energetic resources within organisms fuel both parasite growth and immune responses against them, but it is unclear whether energy allocation sufficient to explain changes in infection outcomes under the threat of multiple parasites. We manipulated diet flour beetles ( Tribolium confusum ) infected with two natural parasites used a combination transcriptomic phenotypic assays investigate role shifting metabolic after single co‐infection. Our results suggest that relatively benign, single‐celled, eukaryotic gregarine alter within‐host energetic environment and, by extension, juvenile development time, diet‐dependent manner. While they do not affect host resistance acute bacterial infection, mRNA‐seq reveal stimulate expression an alternative set genes promote damage gut, ultimately contributing reduced survival regardless diet. Thus, immunological contribution co‐infection outcomes, emphasising importance mechanistic insight for predicting impact across levels biological organisation.

Language: Английский

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Competition with Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces Staphylococcus aureus in an antibiotic-tolerant viable but non culturable state

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Abstract Interactions between different species of pathogenic microbes often affect clinical outcome by altering the virulence or antibiotic resistance individual microbes. By investigating interactions Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at population, single-cell molecular level we discovered that a sub-population S. enters in viable non-culturable state it is not detected via standard microbiology assays. In presence P. , adopts survival lifestyle similar to previously described intracellular persisters, downregulating nitrogen metabolism amino acid biosynthesis, while upregulating protein maturation processes. Entrance but non culturable primary strategy response vancomycin treatment, whereas only minority population survive ciprofloxacin treatment state. These bacterial may shape evolution traits co-infecting pathogens. Manipulating these interspecies adaptations could provide new opportunities for early therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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A within-host infection model to explore tolerance and resistance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Abstract How are some individuals surviving infections while others die? The answer lies in how infected invest into controlling pathogen proliferation and mitigating damage, two strategies respectively called resistance disease tolerance. Pathogen within-host dynamics (WHD), influenced by resistance, its connection to host survival, determined tolerance, decide the infection outcome. To grasp these intricate effects of we used a deterministic theoretical model where pathogens interact with immune system host. describes positive negative regulation response, consider way damage accumulate during predicts WHD. When chronic, stabilize at Set-Point Load (SPPL). Our that this situation can be transient, SPPL being then predictor life span which depends on initial condition (e.g. inoculum). stable, is rather diagnostic non lethal chronic infections. In infections, hosts die Upon Death (PLUD) almost independent from conditions. As SPPL, PLUD affected both tolerance but demonstrate it conjunction mortality measurement distinguish effect resistance. We validate empirically new approach, using Drosophila melanogaster Providencia rettgeri . found that, as predicted model, were wounded or deficient key antimicrobial peptides had higher PLUD, Catalase mutant hosts, likely have default lower PLUD.

Language: Английский

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Resources modulate developmental shifts but not infection tolerance upon coinfection in an insect system

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Abstract Energetic resources fuel immune responses and parasite growth within organisms, but it is unclear whether energy allocation sufficient to explain changes in infection outcomes under the threat of multiple parasites. We manipulated diet flour beetles ( Tribolium confusum ) infected with two natural parasites investigate role shifting metabolic after single co-infection. Our results suggest that gregarine alter within-host energetic environment, by extension juvenile development time, a diet- dependent manner. Gregarines do not affect host resistance acute bacterial stimulate expression an alternative set genes promote damage gut, ultimately contributing reduced survival regardless diet. Thus, immunological contribution coinfection outcomes, emphasizing importance mechanistic insight for predicting impact across levels biological organization.

Language: Английский

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Sexual differences in immunity across developmental stages in rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Applied Entomology and Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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