The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Summary Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a severe threat to rice production. To counteract M. , plants synthesize jasmonate (JA) and lignin, two primary defense‐related metabolites, initiate defense programs. However, the mechanism through which modulates JA‐ lignin‐mediated plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, novel effector, MoBys1, was identified as being involved in pathogenesis. Knockout of MoBys1 significantly reduced its infection ability. Conversely, overexpression impaired response. localizes cytoplasm nucleus interacts with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (OsCAD2), an enzyme that catalyzes lignin biosynthesis. While OsCAD2 mutants exhibited weakened defenses, lines demonstrated enhanced resistance, highlighting critical role resistance. Furthermore, functions transcription factor regulating wide range biological processes, including JA signaling pathways. The interaction between promotes degradation, leading accumulation. These findings uncover counter‐defense employs effector degrade suppress host metabolite accumulation during infection.

Language: Английский

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Structure‐guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular processes the host. Putative effector genes are numerous fungal genomes, generally encode proteins with no sequence homology to each other or known domains. Recent studies have elucidated predicted three-dimensional structures of from a wide diversity plant pathogenic fungi, revealing limited number conserved folds. Effectors very diverse amino acid sequences can thereby be grouped into families based on structural homology. Some different some expanded specific taxa. Here, we describe features these discuss recent advances predicting new families. We highlight contribution analyses deepen our understanding function evolution effectors. also prospects offered by modeling for studying virulence targets plants.

Language: Английский

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Computational studies reveal structural characterization and novel families of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effectors

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012503 - e1012503

Published: March 28, 2025

Understanding the biological functions of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) effectors is fundamental for uncovering mechanisms pathogenicity and variability, thereby paving way developing durable effective control strategies stripe rust. However, due to lack an efficient genetic transformation system in , progress effector function studies has been slow. Here, we modeled structures 15,201 from twelve races or isolates, a isolate, one hordei isolate using AlphaFold2. Of these, 8,102 folds were successfully predicted, performed sequence- structure-based annotations these effectors. These classified into 410 structure clusters 1,005 sequence clusters. Sequence lengths varied widely, with concentration between 101-250 amino acids, motif analysis revealed that 47% 5.81% predicted contain known motifs [Y/F/W]xC RxLR, respectively highlighting structural conservation across substantial portion Subcellular localization predictions indicated predominant cytoplasmic localization, notable chloroplast nuclear presence. Structure-guided significantly enhances prediction efficiency as demonstrated by 75% among have annotation. The clustering annotation both based on homologies allowed us determine adopted folding fold families A common feature observed was formation different sequences. In our study, comparative analyses new family core four helices, including Pst27791, PstGSRE4, PstSIE1, which target key wheat immune pathway proteins, impacting host functions. Further showed similarities other pathogens, such AvrSr35, AvrSr50, Zt-KP4-1, MoHrip2, possibility convergent evolutionary strategies, yet be supported further data encompassing some evolutionarily distant species. Currently, initial most effectors’ sequence, relationships providing novel foundation advance future understanding evolution.

Language: Английский

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Paths of Least Resistance: Unconventional Effector Secretion by Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 653 - 661

Published: July 1, 2024

Effector secretion by different routes mediates the molecular interplay between host plant and pathogen, but mechanistic details in eukaryotes are sparse. This may limit discovery of new effectors that could be utilized for improving disease resistance. In fungi oomycetes, apoplastic secreted via conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, while cytoplasmic packaged into vesicles bypass Golgi an unconventional protein (UPS) pathway.

Language: Английский

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