Vibrio vulnificus—A Review with a Special Focus on Sepsis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 128 - 128

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacillus known for causing severe infections such as gastroenteritis, necrotizing fasciitis, and septic shock, with mortality rates exceeding 50% in high-risk individuals. Transmission occurs primarily through the consumption of contaminated seafood, exposure open wounds to infected water, or, rare cases, insect bites. The bacterium thrives warm, brackish waters high salinity levels, its prevalence rising due effects climate change, including warming ocean temperatures expanding coastal habitats. High-risk populations include individuals underlying conditions chronic liver disease, diabetes, or immunosuppression, which heighten susceptibility outcomes. pathogenicity V. mediated by an array virulence factors, hemolysins, proteases, capsular polysaccharides, well mechanisms facilitating iron acquisition immune system evasion. Clinical manifestations range from localized gastrointestinal symptoms life-threatening systemic septicemia. Rare but complications, pneumonia meningitis, have also been reported. Treatment typically involves use doxycycline combination third-generation cephalosporins, although emergence multidrug-resistant strains escalating concern. Alternative therapeutic approaches under investigation natural compounds resveratrol application antimicrobial blue light. For infections, prompt aggressive surgical intervention remains essential improving patient As global continue rise, understanding epidemiology developing innovative strategies are critical mitigating growing public health impact.

Language: Английский

Assessing toxicity and competitive fitness of vibrios isolated from coastal waters in Israel

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract Several species of aquatic bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are emerging pathogens humans and marine animals. -associated infections have been shown correlate with increase in oceans’ surface water temperatures. A slow yet steady vibrios isolated from clinical settings Israel over past decade led us investigate pathogenic potential Israel’s coastal waters. We sequenced genomes 23 Mediterranean Red Sea. Analysis these revealed presence diverse toxin secretion systems toxins, as well mobile genetic elements known facilitate dissemination fitness-enhancing determinants. Moreover, we showed that at least 10 isolates can induce cell death bone marrow-derived macrophages 12 intoxicate a rival strain interbacterial competition. Lastly, determined susceptibility profiles common antibiotics used treat found widespread resistance azithromycin. Taken together, our results reveal within population waters underline need for continued environmental monitoring pathogens. Importance The temperatures increased decades due climate change. This correlates spread vibrios, bacteria, many which Since illnesses rising Israel, set out environments monitor their potential. repertoires predicted ability kill mammalian immune cells, traits enhance bacterial fitness, such antibacterial toxicity commonly infections. These findings indicate circulating suggest is essential identify strains.

Language: Английский

Assessing toxicity and competitive fitness of Vibrio isolates from coastal waters in Israel

mSphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

ABSTRACT Several species of aquatic bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are emerging pathogens humans and marine animals. -associated infections have been shown correlate with increase in oceans’ surface water temperatures. A slow yet steady isolates from clinical settings Israel over past decade led us investigate their pathogenic potential Israel’s coastal waters. We sequenced genomes 23 Mediterranean Red Seas. Analysis these revealed presence diverse toxin secretion systems toxins, as well mobile genetic elements known facilitate dissemination fitness-enhancing determinants. Moreover, we showed that at least 10 induce cell death bone marrow-derived macrophages 12 intoxicate a rival strain interbacterial competition. Lastly, determined susceptibility profiles common antibiotics used treat found widespread resistance azithromycin. Taken together, our results reveal within population waters underline need for continued environmental monitoring pathogens. IMPORTANCE The ocean’s temperatures increased decades due climate change. This correlates spread , bacteria, many which Since illnesses rising Israel, set out environments monitor potential. repertoires predicted ability kill mammalian immune cells, traits enhance bacterial fitness, such antibacterial toxicity commonly infections. These findings indicate circulating suggest is essential identify strains.

Language: Английский