Unsafe containment: Public health risks of septic tanks discharging to drains in Dhaka Bangladesh DOI Creative Commons
Freya Mills, Tim Foster, Christine L. Moe

et al.

PLOS Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. e0000325 - e0000325

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Sanitation approaches in low-income urban areas are predominately on-site sanitation, with septic tanks promoted as an improved sanitation solution. While a tank system is designed to contain sludge the and discharge effluent soil infiltration system, many contexts from directly open drains or surface waters. This research addresses paucity of data on pathogen removal operated significance this public health hazard. study assessed performance risks “septic tanks” discharging neighbourhood Dhaka, Bangladesh, considering influence usage operation concentrations Norovirus GII, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae , Giardia Shigella E . coli receiving drains. 66% were functioning within design limits, multiple pathogens detected all samples, mean concentration 7.6 log 10 MPN/100mL for 4.2–5.6 genome copies/100mL pathogens, excluding S Typhi which was not detected. Children’s exposure could result 18% risk illness GII 3% annually. The reduction between estimated inflows measured ranged 1.3 MPN 2.2 copies Increased coverage significantly associated reduced compared direct toilets, increased operating standards. Implementing without sub-surface treatment major concern. potential warrants attention appropriate technical design, management alternatives such networked sanitation.

Language: Английский

Development of PMMA-GO hybrid coatings applied as anti-corrosion coatings DOI
Jorge Roberto Vargas-García,

G. Carbajal De la Torre,

Andrea Dominguez

et al.

MRS Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Unsafe containment: Public health risks of septic tanks discharging to drains in Dhaka Bangladesh DOI Creative Commons
Freya Mills, Tim Foster, Christine L. Moe

et al.

PLOS Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. e0000325 - e0000325

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Sanitation approaches in low-income urban areas are predominately on-site sanitation, with septic tanks promoted as an improved sanitation solution. While a tank system is designed to contain sludge the and discharge effluent soil infiltration system, many contexts from directly open drains or surface waters. This research addresses paucity of data on pathogen removal operated significance this public health hazard. study assessed performance risks “septic tanks” discharging neighbourhood Dhaka, Bangladesh, considering influence usage operation concentrations Norovirus GII, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae , Giardia Shigella E . coli receiving drains. 66% were functioning within design limits, multiple pathogens detected all samples, mean concentration 7.6 log 10 MPN/100mL for 4.2–5.6 genome copies/100mL pathogens, excluding S Typhi which was not detected. Children’s exposure could result 18% risk illness GII 3% annually. The reduction between estimated inflows measured ranged 1.3 MPN 2.2 copies Increased coverage significantly associated reduced compared direct toilets, increased operating standards. Implementing without sub-surface treatment major concern. potential warrants attention appropriate technical design, management alternatives such networked sanitation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1