NRF2 Antioxidant Response and Interferon‐Stimulated Genes Are Differentially Expressed in SARS‐CoV‐2‐Positive Young Subjects

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Several respiratory viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), suppress nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 (NRF2) antioxidant response, generating oxidative stress conditions to its advantage. NRF2 has also been reported regulate the innate immune response through inhibition of interferon (IFN) pathway. However, modulation in younger individuals and correlation with IFN remain be elucidated. Methods The redox‐related genes expression was examined nasopharyngeal swabs from children attending pediatric hospital for SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular testing. Expression levels were analyzed by stratifying population according positivity, age, or presence symptoms. results correlated Types I III IFN‐stimulated (ISGs). Results We found that markedly diminished positive patients compared negative. Moreover, it higher IFNα2 IFNλ3, as well ISG15 ISG56. Interestingly, symptomatic anosmia/ageusia showed pronounced apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1/redox factor 1 (APE1), together Type IFNs, ISG56, inflammasome component NLRP3. Conclusion indicate an interdependence between pathway IFN‐mediated during infection young subjects.

Language: Английский

Genotoxic risks in patients with COVID-19

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 105728 - 105728

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous deaths worldwide. Despite the mitigation of infection manifestations in recent months, possible consequences epidemic remain difficult to predict. Genotoxicity and subsequent development neoplasms are outcomes. This review summarises data on these questions. Studies from several countries have reported increased levels DNA damage nucleated blood cells patients with severe forms infection. level can be used as a prognostic factor for disease outcome. It is considered that SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins play crucial role damage; however, virus also inhibits repair system. Co-morbidities use antiviral drugs may contribute COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Activity of Various Cathepsin Proteases and Enrichment of Klotho Protein in the Urine and Urinary Extracellular Vesicles After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 25 - 25

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for causing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. While mutations cause emergence of new variants, ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain unique among other strains. Methods: Various clinical parameters, activity cathepsin proteases, and concentration various proteins were measured in urine samples from COVID-19-negative participants COVID-19-positive participants. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) isolated two groups used proteomic analysis subsequent pathway analyses. Results: Activity levels S L greater C-reactive protein, transmembrane serine protease 2, klotho protein significantly There was a amount uEVs COVID-19 group found to be enriched group. Pathway analyses proteomics data showed most identified involved signal transduction, stress response, metabolism, transport. predominantly associated with cellular membranes function cytoskeleton, enzyme regulation, transduction. Conclusions: Taken together, our identify novel urinary biomarkers that could further investigate long-term effects infection.

Language: Английский