Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Skin Cancer Classification from Dermoscopic Images

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 97 - 97

Published: Feb. 27, 2022

We carry out a critical assessment of machine learning and deep models for the classification skin tumors. Machine (ML) algorithms tested in this work include logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors classifier, decision tree classifier Gaussian naive Bayes, while (DL) employed are either based on custom Convolutional Neural Network model, or leverage transfer via use pre-trained (VGG16, Xception ResNet50). find that DL models, with accuracies up to 0.88, all outperform ML models. exhibit below 0.72, which can be increased 0.75 ensemble learning. To further assess performance we test them larger more imbalanced dataset. Metrics, such as F-score accuracy, indicate that, after fine-tuning, perform extremely well tumor classification. This is most notably case VGG16, exhibits an 0.88 accuracy smaller database, metrics 0.70 respectively, database.

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Melanoma

Clinics and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 214 - 241

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Efforts to reduce its incidence have failed, as it continues increase. In recent years, many risk factors been identified. Numerous diagnostic systems exist that greatly assist in early clinical diagnosis. The histopathological aspect illustrates the grim nature of these cancers. Currently, pathogenic pathways and tumor microclimate are key development therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy immune checkpoint inhibitors starting replace traditional Targeted aims at specific molecule chain block it, stopping cell growth dissemination. main function boost cellular immunity order combat cancer cells. Unfortunately, different rates effectiveness side effects, cannot be applied all patients. These shortcomings basis increased mortality rates. This study covers stages evolutionary sequence melanoma. With data front us, we see need for new research efforts directed will bring greater benefits terms patient survival prognosis, with fewer adverse effects.

Language: Английский

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RET Inhibitor SPP86 Triggers Apoptosis and Activates the DNA Damage Response Through the Suppression of Autophagy and the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Melanoma Cells

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 67 - 82

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Melanoma is a highly lethal form of skin cancer, and effective treatment remains significant challenge. SPP86 novel potential therapeutic drug. Nonetheless, the specific influence on autophagy, particularly its mechanisms in context DNA damage apoptosis human melanoma cells, inadequately understood. Thus, this study aims to explore effects autophagy elucidate association with cell proliferation, apoptosis, cells. Methods: This assessed anti-tumor viability, colony formation, two lines, A375 A2058. Concurrently, underlying mechanisms, including PI3K/AKT signaling pathway modulation, were also elucidated. Results: The demonstrated that exerts cells through multiple mechanisms: it induces causes damage, inhibits suppresses pathway. Importantly, inhibition appears be critical component SPP86' s mode action, modulation autophagic processes influencing cytotoxicity against Conclusion: These promising findings suggest drug candidate for melanoma, warranting further research development. Keywords: SPP86, PI3k/AKT

Language: Английский

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Evaluation der Hautkrebsfrüherkennung in Deutschland – eine Mikrosimulation

JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 19 - 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In Deutschland wurde 2008 ein flächendeckendes Hautkrebsscreening eingeführt. Welche nachfolgend beobachteten Veränderungen in der Epidemiologie des malignen Melanoms (MM), Plattenepithelkarzinoms (SCC) und Basalzellkarzinoms (BCC) auf das Screening zurückzuführen sind, ist unklar. Mit Simulationsmodellen werden verschiedene Screening‐Szenarien miteinander sowie mit Inzidenz‐ Mortalitätsverläufen verglichen. Methodik Es Mikrosimulationsmodell für MM, SCC BCC programmiert geschlechtsgetrennt an hautkrebsspezifischen Mortalitätsdaten validiert. Neben dem aktuell praktizierten (zweijährliches Angebot, jährliche Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit 15%) wurden dreijährliches Screening, erhöhter Teilnahme, zum Beispiel durch Einladungswesen, kein simuliert. Zeitverläufe Inzidenz, Mortalität, Kosten gewonnene Lebensjahre 30 Jahre ab Screeningbeginn erzeugt. Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zu keinem wird die Mortalität Simulation aktuellen Konditionen um 13,8% reduziert. Dieser Effekt ergibt sich den ersten Jahren nach erreicht einigen stabiles Niveau. Wird mehr häufiger gescreent, steigen Kosten, während weiter sinkt. Ein von simulierten Effekten zeigt nur wenig Übereinstimmung. Schlussfolgerungen Das Modell eignet Screening‐Szenarien, mögliche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten im identifizieren. sollten zusätzliche, insbesondere risikoadaptierte, untersucht werden.

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Profiling Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Melanoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(14), P. 7255 - 7255

Published: July 6, 2021

Solid tumors are complex systems characterized by dynamic interactions between neoplastic cells, non-tumoral and extracellular components. Among all the stromal cells that populate tumor microenvironment, fibroblasts most abundant elements critically involved in disease progression. Cancer-associated (CAFs) have pleiotropic functions growth matrix remodeling implicated local invasion distant metastasis. CAFs additionally participate inflammatory response of site releasing a variety chemokines cytokines. It is becoming clear understanding dynamic, mutual melanoma-fibroblast relationship would enable treatment options to be amplified. To better characterize melanoma-associated fibroblasts, here we analyzed low-passage primary derived from advanced-stage skin melanomas, focusing on immuno-phenotype. Furthermore, assessed expression several CAF markers production factors. deepen study CAF-melanoma cell crosstalk, employed CAF-derived supernatants trans-well co-culture evaluate influences (i) motogenic ability melanoma (ii) chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity, (iii) release mediators active modulating spread.

Language: Английский

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The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 10, 2022

Skin cancers are among the most common worldwide and increasingly prevalent. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is characterized by malignant transformation of melanocytes in epidermis. Although CM shows lower incidence than other skin cancers, it aggressive responsible for vast majority cancer-related deaths. Indeed, 75% patients present with invasive or metastatic tumors, even after surgical excision. In CM, photoprotective pigment melanin, which produced melanocytes, plays a central role pathology disease. Melanin absorbs ultraviolet radiation scavenges reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) resulting from exposure. However, scavenged ROS/RNS modify melanin lead to induction signature DNA damage cells, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, known promote immortalization carcinogenesis. Despite triggering promoting initial tumor growth, presence inside cells described negatively regulate their invasiveness increasing cell stiffness reducing elasticity. Emerging evidence also indicates that secreted required immunomodulation microenvironment. transforms dermal fibroblasts cancer-associated fibroblasts, suppresses immune system promotes angiogenesis, thus sustaining progression metastasis. Here, we review current knowledge on secretion aggressiveness molecular machinery involved, as well impact microenvironment responses. A better understanding this players involved could enable modulation become therapeutic strategy impair invasion metastasis and, hence, reduce burden CM-associated

Language: Английский

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Identification and targeting of cancer-associated fibroblast signature genes for prognosis and therapy in Cutaneous melanoma

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 107597 - 107597

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis in patients with melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Objective: Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, especially at later stages. There currently no excellent diagnostic test established for diagnosis melanoma; however, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown some promise. We seek to conduct a systematic review meta-analysis establish clinical utility miRNAs in diagnosing melanoma. Methods: PubMed, Wiley, Web Science were searched studies that determined miRNA sensitivity specificity patients with The included assessed Stata, sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), positive likelihood ratio, negative area under SROC curve (AUC) calculated. Results: 9 898 melanoma meta-analysis. showed high accuracy 0.89 ( p < 0.001), 0.85 odds ratio 45, an 0.93. Conclusion: Circulating power detecting

Language: Английский

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Topically Applied Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Disease: Past, Present, and Future

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(5), P. 689 - 790

Published: June 24, 2024

The purpose of this review is to summarize essential biological, pharmaceutical and clinical aspects in the field topically applied medicines that may help scientists when trying develop new topical medicines. After a brief history drug delivery, structure function skin, routes absorption their limitations then provided. most prevalent diseases current treatment approaches are detailed, organization which reflects key disease categories autoimmune inflammatory, microbial infections, skin cancers genetic diseases. complexity product development through large scale manufacture along with recommended risk mitigation highlighted. As such treatments externally patient preferences challenges they invoke described finally future delivery discussed emphasis on areas more likely yield significant improvements over use or would expand range treatable by route administration. Significance Statement This its associated intricacies formulation should be helpful making judicious decisions about improved These include choices active ingredients, formulations, target populations regards medicine approaches.

Language: Английский

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Transformer-Based Approach to Melanoma Detection

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 5677 - 5677

Published: June 17, 2023

Melanoma is a malignant cancer type which develops when DNA damage occurs (mainly due to environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays). Often, melanoma results in intense and aggressive cell growth that, if not caught time, can bring one toward death. Thus, early identification at the initial stage fundamental stopping spread of cancer. In this paper, ViT-based architecture able classify versus non-cancerous lesions presented. The proposed predictive model trained tested on public skin data from ISIC challenge, obtained are highly promising. Different classifier configurations considered analyzed order find most discriminating one. best reached an accuracy 0.948, sensitivity 0.928, specificity 0.967, AUROC 0.948.

Language: Английский

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