Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disease characterized by decline in mass and function. Originally defined as an age‐associated condition, sarcopenia presently also encompasses muscular atrophy due to various pathological factors, such intensive care unit‐acquired weakness, inactivity, malnutrition. The exact pathogenesis of still unknown; herein, we review the roles neuromuscular junction mitochondria this condition. caused complex interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms, including aging, impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, endocrine oxidative stress, inflammation. Among these, instability dysfunction are particularly significant. Dysfunction can lead weakness or paralysis. Mitochondria, which plentiful neurons fibers, play important role transmission. Therefore, impairments both may be one key mechanisms leading sarcopenia. Moreover, article explores structural functional alterations sarcopenia, suggesting that deeper understanding these changes could provide valuable insights for prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Physiological mechanisms of neuromuscular impairment in diabetes‐related complications: Can physical exercise help prevent it?

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that progressively induces complications, compromising daily independence. Among these, diabetic neuropathy particularly prevalent and contributes to substantial neuromuscular impairments in both types 1 2 diabetes. This condition leads structural damage affecting the central peripheral nervous systems, resulting significant decline sensorimotor functions. Alongside neuropathy, myopathy also muscle impairment reduced motor performance, intensifying decline. Diabetic typically implicates neurogenic atrophy, motoneuron loss clustering of fibres as result aberrant denervation-reinervation processes. These complications are associated with compromised junctions, where alterations occur pre-synaptic vesicles, mitochondrial content post-synaptic signalling. Neural intensified by hyperglycaemia oxidative stress, exacerbating vascular dysfunction reducing oxygen delivery. imply severe evidenced reductions maximal force power output, rate development endurance. Furthermore, diabetes-related compounded age-related degenerative changes long-term patients. Aerobic resistance training offer promising approaches for managing blood glucose levels function. exercise promotes biogenesis angiogenesis, supporting metabolic cardiovascular health. Resistance primarily enhances neural plasticity, strength hypertrophy, which crucial factors mitigating sarcopenia preserving functional topical review examines current evidence on physiological mechanisms underlying potential impact physical activity counteracting this

Language: Английский

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The Roles of myomiRs in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: From Literature to In Silico Analysis

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 561 - 561

Published: April 27, 2024

Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and increased fragility with age, is increasing worldwide. The condition often precedes development Alzheimer’s disease, thereby decreasing levels mobility physical activity in those affected. Indeed, has, some studies, been associated an risk disease other dementias. However, a detailed understanding interplay between both conditions not available needs to be thoroughly addressed. In following review, we focus on several genes, specifically APOE, BDNF, ACE, FTO, FNDC5, that have conditions. We also discuss epigenetic regulation each these genes along non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may role sarcopenic phenotypes. Finally, assert application systems biology will unravel relationship sarcopenia believe prevention older age reduce incidence debilitating cognitive decline.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Ageing and Disuse on Neuromuscular Junction and Mitochondrial Function and Morphology: Current Evidence and Controversies

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102586 - 102586

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Activating Striatal Parvalbumin Interneurons to Alleviate Chemotherapy‐Induced Muscle Atrophy

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia and the biological determinants of aging: A narrative review from a geroscience perspective

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 102587 - 102587

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Accelerated Sarcopenia Phenotype in the DJ-1/Park7-Knockout Zebrafish

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1509 - 1509

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Age-dependent loss of muscle mass and function is associated with oxidative stress. DJ-1/

Language: Английский

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Proteomic reference map for sarcopenia research: mass spectrometric identification of key muscle proteins of organelles, cellular signaling, bioenergetic metabolism and molecular chaperoning

European Journal of Translational Myology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 24, 2024

During the natural aging process, frailty is often associated with abnormal muscular performance. Although inter-individual differences exit, in most elderly tissue mass and physiological functionality of voluntary muscles drastically decreases. In order to study age-related contractile decline, animal model research central importance field biogerontology. Here we have analyzed wild type mouse muscle establish a proteomic map crude extracts. Proteomics an advanced large-scale biochemical method that attempts identify all accessible proteins given biological sample. It technology-driven approach uses spectrometry for characterization individual protein species. Total extracts were used this minimize potential introduction artefacts due excess subcellular fractionation procedures. report, survey aged has focused on organellar marker proteins, as well are involved cellular signaling, regulation ion homeostasis, bioenergetic metabolism molecular chaperoning. Hence, reference highly suitable system future research.

Language: Английский

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Possible Extracellular Signals to Ameliorate Sarcopenia in Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in Frail Older Adults

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2606 - 2606

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

In frail older adults (mean age 85 years old), a 3-month supplementation with low dose (6 g/day) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C8:0 and C10:0) given at meal increased muscle mass function, relative to long-chain (LCTs), but it decreased fat mass. The reduction in was partly due postprandial energy expenditure by stimulation the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, extracellular signals ameliorate sarcopenia are unclear. following three potential increase function after MCT discussed: (1) Activating SNS-the hypothesis for this is based on evidence that beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist acutely (1-24 h) markedly upregulates isoforms peroxisomal proliferator-activated gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNAs, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, chronically (~1 month) induces hypertrophy. (2) An concentration plasma acyl-ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion. (3) A nitrogen-sparing effect ketone bodies, which fuel skeletal muscle, may promote protein synthesis prevent breakdown. This review will help guide clinical trials using MCTs treat primary (age-related) sarcopenia.

Language: Английский

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