Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 385 - 385

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant global health challenge, lacking effective pharmacological treatments. This shortcoming is attributed to TBI’s heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology, which includes axonal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, persistent neuroinflammation. The objective of this study analyze transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM), employs specific red near-infrared light wavelengths modulate brain functions, as promising therapy address pathophysiology in single intervention. reviews the feasibility therapy, firstly by synthesizing PBM’s cellular mechanisms with each identified pathophysiological aspect. outcomes human clinical studies are then reviewed. findings support potential for treating TBI, notwithstanding variations parameters such wavelength, power density, dose, source positioning, pulse frequencies. Emerging data indicate that these plays role outcomes. Additionally, new research into effects on electrical properties polymerization dynamics neuronal microstructures, like microtubules tubulins, provides insights future parameter optimization. In summary, PBM represents multifaceted therapeutic intervention TBI vast may be fulfilled optimizing parameters. Future should investigate parameters, possible incorporating artificial intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and obstacles in non-invasive brain stimulation

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 18, 2024

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a complex and multifaceted approach to modulating activity holds the potential for broad accessibility. This work discusses mechanisms of four distinct approaches non-invasively: electrical currents, magnetic fields, light, ultrasound. We examine dual stochastic deterministic nature its implications NIBS, highlighting challenges posed by inter-individual variability, nebulous dose-response relationships, biases neuroanatomical heterogeneity. Looking forward, we propose five areas opportunity future research: closed-loop stimulation, consistent intended target region, reducing bias, multimodal approaches, strategies address low sample sizes.

Language: Английский

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Directed physiological networks in the human prefrontal cortex at rest and post transcranial photobiomodulation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 3, 2024

Cerebral infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a source of vasomotion in endogenic (E; 0.005-0.02 Hz), neurogenic (N; 0.02-0.04 and myogenic (M; 0.04-0.2 Hz) frequency bands. In this study, we quantified changes prefrontal concentrations oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) redox-state cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[CCO]) as hemodynamic metabolic activity metrics, electroencephalogram (EEG) powers electrophysiological activity, using concurrent measurements 2-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy EEG on the forehead 22 healthy participants at rest. After preprocessing, multi-modality signals were analyzed generalized partial directed coherence to construct unilateral neurophysiological networks among three metrics (with simplified symbols HbO, CCO, EEG) each E/N/M band. The links these represent neurovascular, neurometabolic, metabolicvascular coupling (NVC, NMC, MVC). results illustrate that demand for oxygen by neuronal metabolism (EEG CCO) drives supply (HbO) all bands resting cortex. Furthermore, investigate effect transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), performed sham-controlled study delivering an 800-nm laser beam left right cortex same participants. performing data processing statistical analysis, obtained novel important findings: tPBM delivered either side triggered alteration or reversal network couplings entities (i.e., frequency-specific powers) physiological E N bands, demonstrating during post-tPBM period, both drive (PFC). Overall, revealed facilitates significant modulation directionality electrophysiological, metabolic, activities.

Language: Английский

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Pilot study comparing effects of infrared neuromodulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation using magnetic resonance imaging

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 13, 2025

No prior work has directly compared the impacts of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and magnetic stimulation (TMS) on human brain. This within-subjects pilot study compares effects tPBM TMS somatomotor cortex brain structural functional connectivity. Eight healthy participants underwent four lab visits each, each visit consisting a pre-stimulation MRI, or sham, post-stimulation respectively. Stimulation sham sessions were counterbalanced across subjects. Collected measures included MRI data, data from finger-tapping task, resting state connectivity, Analyses indicated increased activation left region during right-hand task following both TMS. Additionally, trending increases in left-lateralized connectivity M1 to thalamus observed after tPBM, but not Thus, may be superior at inducing changes connected nodes cortex, although further research is warranted explore potential therapeutic benefits clinical utility tPBM.

Language: Английский

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Simulation the Alzheimer brain response to 915 nm laser irradiation: Exploring power levels, laser configurations, temperature, and dosages for effective photobiomodulation therapy

Infrared Physics & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105860 - 105860

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Brain photobiomodulation: a potential treatment in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100185 - 100185

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transcranial Photobiomodulation and Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

Photonics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 260 - 260

Published: March 13, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of neurologic morbidity for which few effective therapies exist, especially during the chronic stage. A potential therapy TBI transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM). tPBM noninvasive neuromodulation technique that uses light to stimulate cortex and increase blood flow metabolism while also enhancing cognition improving affect. There has been much work focusing on efficacy in acute small animals, but less focused TBI. Patients with manifest microvascular injury, may serve as modifiable treatment target tPBM. need study improve tPBM, currently implemented protocols targeting have relatively unsuccessful. This review includes 16 studies, concluded after application, there were improvements neuropsychological outcomes addition increases cerebral flow. However, these conclusions are confounded by differing parameters, sample sizes, heterogenous populations. While results encouraging, further understand therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Effects of Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Photobiomodulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Biophotonics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 20, 2025

This study evaluates the synergistic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and photobiomodulation (tPBM) on working memory (WM) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. In a randomized controlled trial with 88 participants, utilizing complex WM task (ΔK = 6.41, p 0.004) alongside functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess performance neural correlates(neural metrics from fNIRS indicated enhanced connectivity [p 0.015] increased wavelet amplitude task-relevant cortical regions 0.001]), our results that combined intervention significantly outperformed both monostimulation sham improving capacity. A notable strength this is simultaneous application TMS tPBM, which maximizes potential while addressing physical constraints associated traditional noninvasive brain (NIBS). Findings underscore dual neuromodulation as promising for MCI, offering insights into enhancement mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Dose-response of Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Resting-State EEG Dynamics

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 26, 2025

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a novel and non-invasive brain stimulation technique for promising cognitive improvement. yet the mechanisms underlying its modulation of human function remain unclear. In this study, three double-blind sham-controlled experiments were conducted to investigate effects tPBM irradiance, duration, total energy on neural dynamics. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) 101 adults during intervention assessed EEG power, individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF), weighted phase lag index (wPLI) explore mechanisms. Results revealed that moderate doses delayed decline in parietal-occipital IAPF, whereas higher irradiance enhanced whole-brain connectivity indexed by wPLI. Our study provides consistent evidence across dynamics are dose-dependent: resulted regional IAPF stabilization linked alertness, led global increased functional associated with integration. This dose-response duality highlights importance tailoring parameters optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Histochemical mapping of the duration of action of photobiomodulation on cytochrome c oxidase in the rat brain

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Introduction This is the first study mapping duration of action in vivo photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO). In cellular bioenergetics, CCO terminal rate-limiting enzyme mitochondrial electron transport chain, which catalyzes oxygen utilization for aerobic energy production. PBM using transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) a promising intervention non-invasively modulating brain. TILS human prefrontal cortex directly causes photo-oxidation, associated with increased cerebral oxygenation and improved cognition. Methods experiment aimed to map activity discrete neuroanatomic locations within rat brains up 4 weeks after single session (50 s, 1064 nm CW, 250 mW/cm 2 ). Control from rats treated sham without (laser off) were compared TILS-treated that collected 1 day, weeks, or post-TILS. Cryostat sections 36 processed quantitative histochemistry digitally imaged. Densitometric readings 28 regions interest recorded converted units calibration standards. Data analysis (ANCOVA) each laser-treated group whole-brain average as covariate. Results The infralimbic showed earliest significant increase between 1-day post-TILS groups, continued elevated 2–4 Significant differences 2-weeks groups also found lateral septum, accumbens core, CA3 hippocampus, molecular layer hippocampus. medial amygdala decrease 4-weeks sham. Further analyses inter-regional correlations among brain result TILS, most pronounced changes at post-stimulation. Discussion time course network connectivity suggested caused different neuroplasticity types bioenergetic scales, depending region its depth cortex. conclusion, this controlled histochemical demonstrated long-lasting

Language: Английский

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