European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(5)
Published: April 5, 2025
ABSTRACT On average, adult men are physically stronger than women. The magnitude of this difference depends on the muscle tested, with larger sex differences observed in upper‐ lower‐limb muscles. Whether body region‐specific strength exist children is unclear. purpose current meta‐analysis was to determine whether and adolescents differ between Data were extracted from studies participants aged ≤ 17 years who completed tests maximal isometric or isokinetic upper‐limb muscles (e.g., elbow flexors extensors) knee extensors ankle dorsiflexors). Participants partitioned into three age groups: 5–10 old, 11–13 14–17 old. analysis included 299 effects 34 studies. total sample 6634 (3497 boys 3137 girls). Effect sizes g = 0.65 (95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.46, 0.84]) 0.34 CI [0.19, 0.50]) 5–10‐year‐olds; 0.73 [0.56, 0.91]) 0.43 [0.27, 0.59]) 11–13‐year olds; 1.84 [1.64, 2.03]) 1.18 [1.00, 1.37]) 14–17‐year‐olds. Upper‐ 17% 8% greater girls when 18% 10% 50% 30% Thus, average. This exists before puberty, increases markedly male more pronounced throughout development.
Language: Английский