Toxins,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(11), P. 467 - 467
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
are
increasingly
recognized
as
important
strategies
used
by
bacterial
pathogens
to
modulate
host
cellular
functions.
Protein
ADP-riboxanation,
a
derivative
of
ADP-ribosylation,
has
recently
emerged
new
biochemical
way
which
interact
with
cells.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
that
this
modification
broad
regulatory
roles
in
processes
including
cell
death,
protein
translation,
and
stress
granule
formation.
Given
the
vast
majority
ADP-riboxanases
still
uncharacterized,
review
we
also
highlight
utility
advanced
proteomic
tools
functional
dissection
ADP-riboxanation
events
during
infections.
The EMBO Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Abstract
The
prevailing
view
on
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
is
that
a
single
amino
acid
modified
with
PTM
at
any
given
time.
However,
recent
work
has
demonstrated
crosstalk
between
different
PTMs,
some
occurring
the
same
residue.
Such
interplay
seen
ADP-ribosylation
and
ubiquitylation.
For
example,
DELTEX
E3
ligases
were
reported
to
ubiquitylate
hydroxyl
group
free
NAD
+
ADP-ribose
in
vitro,
generating
noncanonical
ubiquitin
ester-linked
species.
In
this
report,
we
show,
for
first
time,
dual
occurs
cells
mono-ADP-ribosylated
(MARylated)
PARP10
Glu/Asp
sites
form
MAR
ester.
We
call
process
mono-ADP-ribosyl
ubiquitylation
or
MARUbylation.
Using
chemical
enzymatic
treatments,
including
newly
characterized
bacterial
deubiquitinase
esterase-specific
activity,
discovered
multiple
PARPs
are
MARUbylated
extended
K11-linked
polyubiquitin
chains
when
exogenously
expressed.
Finally,
show
response
type
I
interferon
stimulation,
MARUbylation
can
occur
endogenously
PARP
targets.
Thus,
represents
new
broadens
our
understanding
of
function
PARP-mediated
cells.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 29 - 29
Published: Dec. 22, 2023
Ubiquitination
is
a
reversible
post-translational
modification
based
on
the
chemical
addition
of
ubiquitin
to
proteins
with
regulatory
effects
various
signaling
pathways.
can
alter
molecular
functions
tagged
substrates
respect
protein
turnover,
biological
activity,
subcellular
localization
or
protein–protein
interaction.
As
result,
wide
variety
cellular
processes
are
under
ubiquitination-mediated
control,
contributing
maintenance
homeostasis.
It
follows
that
dysregulation
ubiquitination
reactions
plays
relevant
role
in
pathogenic
states
human
diseases
such
as
neurodegenerative
diseases,
immune-related
pathologies
and
cancer.
In
recent
decades,
enzymes
ubiquitin–proteasome
system
(UPS),
including
E3
ligases
deubiquitinases
(DUBs),
have
attracted
attention
novel
druggable
targets
for
development
new
anticancer
therapeutic
approaches.
This
perspective
article
summarizes
peculiarities
shared
by
involved
reaction
which,
when
deregulated,
lead
tumorigenesis.
Accordingly,
an
overview
main
pharmacological
interventions
targeting
UPS
clinical
use
still
trials
provided,
also
highlighting
limitations
efficacy
these
Therefore,
attempts
circumvent
drug
resistance
side
well
UPS-related
emerging
technologies
therapeutics
discussed.
The Journal of Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
223(5)
Published: March 22, 2024
Ubiquitin
regulates
various
cellular
functions
by
posttranslationally
modifying
substrates
with
diverse
ubiquitin
codes.
Recent
discoveries
of
new
chain
topologies,
types
bonds,
and
non-protein
have
substantially
expanded
the
complexity
code.
Here,
we
describe
system
covering
basic
principles
recent
related
to
mechanisms,
technologies,
biological
importance.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Salmonella
enterica
serovar
Typhimurium
expresses
two
type
III
secretion
systems,
T3SS1
and
T3SS2,
which
are
encoded
in
pathogenicity
island
1
(SPI1)
SPI2,
respectively.
These
essential
virulent
factors
that
secrete
more
than
40
effectors
translocated
into
host
animal
cells.
This
study
focuses
on
three
of
these
effectors,
SlrP,
SspH1,
SspH2,
members
the
NEL
family
E3
ubiquitin
ligases.
We
compared
their
expression,
regulation,
translocation
patterns,
role
cell
invasion
intracellular
proliferation,
ability
to
interact
ubiquitinate
specific
partners,
effect
cytokine
secretion.
found
transcription
genes
encoding
depends
virulence
regulator
PhoP.
Although
have
potential
be
secreted
through
SspH1
SspH2
is
largely
restricted
T3SS2
due
expression
pattern.
detected
a
for
proliferation
inside
fibroblasts
masked
by
redundancy.
The
generation
chimeric
proteins
allowed
us
demonstrate
N-terminal
part
proteins,
containing
leucine-rich
repeat
motifs,
confers
specificity
towards
ubiquitination
targets.
Furthermore,
polyubiquitination
patterns
generated
were
different
each
effector,
with
Lys48
linkages
being
predominant
SspH2.
Finally,
our
experiments
support
an
anti-inflammatory
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Proteases
that
cleave
ubiquitin
or
ubiquitin-like
proteins
(UBLs)
are
critical
players
in
maintaining
the
homeostasis
of
organism.
Concordantly,
their
dysregulation
has
been
directly
linked
to
various
diseases,
including
cancer,
neurodegeneration,
developmental
aberrations,
cardiac
disorders
and
inflammation.
Given
potential
as
novel
therapeutic
targets,
it
is
essential
fully
understand
mechanisms
action.
Traditionally,
observed
effects
resulting
from
deficiencies
deubiquitinases
(DUBs)
UBL
proteases
have
often
attributed
misregulation
substrate
modification
by
UBLs.
Therefore,
much
research
focused
on
understanding
catalytic
activities
these
proteins.
However,
this
view
overlooked
possibility
DUBs
might
also
significant
non-catalytic
functions,
which
more
prevalent
than
previously
believed
urgently
require
further
investigation.
Moreover,
multiple
examples
shown
either
selective
loss
only
protease
activity
complete
absence
can
different
functional
physiological
consequences.
Furthermore,
contain
domains
binding
motifs
not
modulate
but
mediate
entirely
functions.
This
review
aims
shed
light
non-catalytic,
moonlighting
functions
proteases,
extend
beyond
hydrolysis
chains
just
beginning
emerge.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(20), P. 11544 - 11584
Published: Sept. 23, 2024
The
covalent
attachment
of
Ub
(ubiquitin)
to
target
proteins
(ubiquitylation)
represents
one
the
most
versatile
PTMs
(post-translational
modifications)
in
eukaryotic
cells.
Substrate
modifications
range
from
a
single
moiety
being
attached
protein
complex
chains
that
can
also
contain
Ubls
(Ub-like
proteins).
Ubiquitylation
plays
pivotal
roles
aspects
biology,
and
cells
dedicate
an
orchestrated
arsenal
enzymes
install,
translate,
reverse
these
modifications.
entirety
this
system
is
coined
code.
Deciphering
code
challenging
due
difficulty
reconstituting
enzymatic
machineries
generating
defined
Ub/Ubl-protein
conjugates.
This
Review
provides
comprehensive
overview
recent
advances
using
GCE
(genetic
expansion)
techniques
study
We
highlight
strategies
site-specifically
ubiquitylate
discuss
their
advantages
disadvantages,
as
well
various
applications.
Additionally,
we
review
potential
small
chemical
targeting
Ub/Ubls
present
GCE-based
approaches
additional
layer
complexity.
Furthermore,
explore
methods
rely
on
develop
tools
probe
interactors
offer
insights
into
how
future
could
help
unravel
complexity
The EMBO Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 20, 2025
Recent
work
in
The
EMBO
Journal
describes
a
new
hybrid
post-translational
modification
of
proteins,
composed
poly-ubiquitin
chain
that
is
attached
to
target
protein
via
mono-ADP-ribose
(MAR)
moiety.
This
"MARUbylation"
likely
play
important
functions
during
interferon
signalling,
core
component
innate
immunity.