The silent pandemic: Emergent antibiotic resistances following the global response to SARS-CoV-2

iScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 102304 - 102304

Published: March 14, 2021

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of rapid development vaccines and antivirals. However, potential for emergence antibiotic resistances due to increased use antibacterial cleaning products therapeutics presents an additional, underreported threat. Most cleaners contain simple quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs); however, these are steadily becoming less effective as agents. QACs extensively used in SARS-CoV-2-related sanitization clinical household settings. Similarly, danger secondary infections, increasingly a component COVID-19 treatment regimens, even absence bacterial infection diagnosis. agents is anticipated lead novel coming years.

Language: Английский

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Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1006 - 1006

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an overuse of antimicrobials in critically ill patients. Acinetobacter baumannii frequently causes nosocomial infections, particularly intensive care units (ICUs), where the incidence increased over time. Since WHO declared on 12 March 2020, disease spread rapidly, and many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 needed to be admitted ICU. Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified viral respiratory infections important morbidity mortality. However, we cannot neglect antimicrobial resistance, which may attributed excess use agents during pandemic. Patients could vulnerable other owing multiple comorbidities severe COVID-19, prolonged hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2-associated immune dysfunction. These have acquired secondary bacterial or superinfections, mainly bacteremia urinary tract infections. This review will summarize prevalence A. coinfection infection COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Quaternary ammonium compounds of emerging concern: Classification, occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 445, P. 130393 - 130393

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predictors of hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal superinfections in COVID-19: a prospective observational study

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(4), P. 1078 - 1084

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Abstract Background Bacterial and fungal superinfections may complicate the course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Objectives To identify predictors in Methods Prospective, observational study including COVID-19 consecutively admitted to University Hospital Pisa, Italy, between 4 March 30 April 2020. Clinical data outcomes were registered. Superinfection was defined as a bacterial or infection that occurred ≥48 h after hospital admission. A multivariate analysis performed factors independently associated superinfections. Results Overall, 315 109 episodes documented 69 (21.9%) patients. The median time from admission superinfection 19 days (range 11–29.75). Superinfections caused by Enterobacterales (44.9%), non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (15.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (15.6%) fungi (5.5%). Polymicrobial infections accounted for 18.3%. Predictors were: intestinal colonization carbapenem-resistant (OR 16.03, 95% CI 6.5–39.5, P < 0.001); invasive mechanical ventilation 5.6, 2.4–13.1, immunomodulatory agents (tocilizumab/baricitinib) 5.09, 2.2–11.8, C-reactive protein on >7 mg/dl 3.59, 1.7–7.7, = previous treatment piperacillin/tazobactam 2.85, 1.1–7.2, 0.028). Length stay longer who developed ompared those did not (30 versus 11 days, 0.001), while mortality rates similar (18.8% 23.2%, 0.445). Conclusions risk is consistent. Patients need empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics immunomodulant drugs should be carefully selected. Infection control rules must reinforced.

Language: Английский

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Fungal and bacterial coinfections increase mortality of severely ill COVID-19 patients

Journal of Hospital Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 145 - 154

Published: April 21, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 predisposes patients to secondary infections; however, a better understanding of the impact coinfections on outcome hospitalized COVID-19 is still necessary.To analyse death risk due in patients.The odds 212 severely ill were evaluated, with detailed focus risks for each pathogen, site infection, comorbidities and length hospitalization.The mortality rate was 50.47%. Fungal and/or bacterial isolation occurred 89 patients, whom 83.14% died. Coinfected stayed longer had an increased dying (odds ratio (OR): 13.45; R2 = 0.31). The by (OR: 11.28) fungal 5.97) coinfections, levels creatinine, leucocytes, urea C-reactive protein. Coinfections if suffered from cardiovascular disease 11.53), diabetes 6.00) or obesity 5.60) comparison these but without pathogen isolation. detected coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 25.39), Candida non-albicans 11.12), S. aureus 10.72), Acinetobacter spp. 6.88), Pseudomonas 4.77), C. albicans 3.97). high-risk sites infection blood, tracheal aspirate, urine. Patients coinfection undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation 3.8 times more likely die than those positive cultures.Severe required hospitalization higher death. early diagnosis essential identify determine right interventions reduce mortality.

Language: Английский

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Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: June 14, 2021

In COVID-19 patients, undetected co-infections may have severe clinical implications associated with increased hospitalization, varied treatment approaches and mortality. Therefore, we investigated the of viral bacterial co-infection in outcomes.Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from 48 patients (29% ICU 71% non-ICU) screened for presence 24 respiratory pathogens using six multiplex PCR panels.We found evidence 34 (71%). Influenza A H1N1 (n = 17), Chlamydia pneumoniae 13) human adenovirus 10) most commonly detected pathogens. Viral was admission (r 0.1) higher mortality (OR 1.78, CI 0.38-8.28) compared to 0.44, 0.08-2.45). Two thirds critically ill who died, had a co-infection; only pathogen which direct relationship seen 0.2).Our study highlights importance screening co-infecting viruses that could be leading cause disease severity death. Given high prevalence our study, coverage flu vaccination is encouraged mitigate transmission influenza virus during on-going pandemic reduce risk outcome

Language: Английский

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Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit

Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 83 - 92

Published: June 27, 2021

Superinfections in patients hospitalized intensive care unit (ICU) are an important and challenging complication, also COVID-19. However, no definitive data available about the role of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) COVID-19.This was a single-center, cross-sectional study including with MDR-AB infections admitted to ICU or without COVID-19, between January 2019 2021. The primary objective evaluate risk factor for COVID-19 other etiology. secondary endpoints were 30-days mortality all population factors associated development bloodstream infection (BSI).During period 32 adults enrolled compared 115 same reasons. We observed total 114 deaths, survival rate 29.3%: 18.8% 32.2% control group. Relative showed that serum lactate levels mmol/l > 2, colonization, BSI steroid therapy more frequently patients. Cox regression analysis 2 mmol/l, BSI, mortality. Finally, white blood cells count 11,000 mm3, at time admission, independently BSI.Our highlight impact on outcome, colonization use steroids develop during

Language: Английский

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Pre-optimized phage therapy on secondary Acinetobacter baumannii infection in four critical COVID-19 patients

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 612 - 618

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Phage therapy is recognized as a promising alternative to antibiotics in treating pulmonary bacterial infections, however, its use has not been reported for secondary infections during virus pandemics such coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 4 patients hospitalized with critical COVID-19 and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) compassionate phage (at 2 successive doses of 109 plaque-forming unit phages). All our COVID-19-specific intensive care (ICU) CRAB positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum samples were eligible study inclusion if antibiotic treatment failed eradicate their infections. While susceptibility testing revealed an identical profile strains from these patients, pre-optimized 2-phage cocktail was associated reduced burdens. Our results suggest the potential phages on rapid responses outbreak patients.

Language: Английский

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Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19?

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 117074 - 117074

Published: April 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Language: Английский

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