The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases

Nutrition & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Abstract Adipose tissues are dynamic that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue brown currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between illustrates plastic nature tissue. These generated through browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis metabolic capacity. This involves upregulation uncoupling protein 1, molecule uncouples respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce activation beiging. Physical exercising copes increased levels specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which browning. FGF21 stress-responsive hormone interacts beta-klotho. central played by hormones browning highlight relevance individual lifestyle, circadian rhythm diet. Circadian sleep–wake cycle regulated melatonin, UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to pro-inflammatory disrupting effects western diet, food items, capsaicin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary interventions such as calorie restriction intermittent fasting, favor efficiency. intestinal microbiome has been pictured regulating it modulates bile acid levels, molecules for thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, formation affected Bone morphogenetic proteins regulate gene expression, stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra expression regulators, plethora transcription factors, chromatin remodeling enzymes, non-coding RNAs. Considering detrimental disparities mice humans, further efforts will benefit better understanding plasticity biology its applicability managing overwhelming burden several chronic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 1112 - 1129

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that implicated in diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases cardiovascular neurological disorders, kidney motor system metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators co-activated partners identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors contribute to presentation elaborate network PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing correlation between well summarizing therapy targeting helps make individualized precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding molecular regulatory network, discuss physio-pathological roles human review application PGC-1s, diagnostic prognostic value several therapies pre-clinical studies, suggest directions for future investigations. This presents immense potential treatment hopefully facilitates promotion new therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 889 - 889

Published: Feb. 20, 2022

A number of factors contribute to the complex process aging, which finally define whether someone will or not develop age-associated chronic diseases in late life. These determinants comprise genetic susceptibility as well various behavioral, environmental, and dietary factors, all have been shown influence specific pathways regulating aging extension life, makes longevity a multidimensional phenomenon. Although "miraculous elixir" "nutrition pill" are plausible, researchers agree on notion that nutritional major impact risk non-communicable mortality. In recent years nutrition research relation health outcomes has considerably changed from focusing exclusively single nutrients considering combinations foods rather than isolation. is scientifically valid providing crucial evidence mechanisms by impacts health, switch targeting multifaceted synergistic interplay among nutrients, other constituents, whole foods, promoted emerging interest actions total patterns. This narrative review aims describe some patterns with associations reduction incidence allowing older adults live long-lasting healthier confirming powerful can exert healthy aging.

Language: Английский

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The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 607 - 625

Published: June 25, 2022

Abstract Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic immune dysregulation marks development both obesity. Obesity chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly white adipose tissue, which drives dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed adipose, developing readily directly interacts with cells signals from remodeled This review discusses biological mechanisms through obesity cancer, role health disparities, dietary interventions to mitigate adverse effects on We detail intersection an emphasis shared unique patterns these disease processes. have highlighted key areas biology exacerbated obesity, incidence, progression, therapeutic response. posit that interception obesity-driven will require limit protumor signaling obese consider genetic, structural, social determinants obesity–breast link. Finally, we evidence for various offset clinical preclinical studies In light strong associations between rising rates many parts world, effective, safe, well-tolerated, equitable burden are urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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Dietary restriction impacts health and lifespan of genetically diverse mice

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8034), P. 684 - 692

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Caloric restriction extends healthy lifespan in multiple species

Language: Английский

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Spermidine is essential for fasting-mediated autophagy and longevity

Nature Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 1571 - 1584

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Abstract Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting prolong the lifespan healthspan of model organisms improve human health. The natural polyamine spermidine has been similarly linked to autophagy enhancement, geroprotection reduced incidence cardiovascular neurodegenerative diseases across species borders. Here, we asked whether cellular physiological consequences caloric depend on metabolism. We report that levels increased upon distinct regimens or in yeast, flies, mice volunteers. Genetic pharmacological blockade endogenous synthesis fasting-induced nematodes cells. Furthermore, perturbing pathway vivo abrogated lifespan- healthspan-extending effects, as well cardioprotective anti-arthritic fasting. Mechanistically, mediated these effects via induction hypusination translation regulator eIF5A. In summary, polyamine–hypusination axis emerges a phylogenetically conserved metabolic control hub for fasting-mediated enhancement longevity.

Language: Английский

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International consensus on fasting terminology

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 1779 - 1794.e4

Published: July 25, 2024

Although fasting is increasingly applied for disease prevention and treatment, consensus on terminology lacking. Using Delphi methodology, an international, multidisciplinary panel of researchers clinicians standardized definitions various approaches in humans. Five online surveys a live conference were conducted with 38 experts, 25 whom completed all 5 surveys. Consensus was achieved the following terms: "fasting" (voluntary abstinence from some or foods beverages), "modified fasting" (restriction energy intake to max. 25% needs), "fluid-only fasting," "alternate-day "short-term (lasting 2-3 days), "prolonged (≥4 consecutive "religious fasting." "Intermittent (repetitive periods lasting ≤48 h), "time-restricted eating," "fasting-mimicking diet" discussed most. This study provides expert recommendations future research clinical applications, facilitating communication cross-referencing field.

Language: Английский

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Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases prolonging healthy life expectancies are particular importance. Gut microbiota emerged as novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes gut during aging, characteristics centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving or intervene pathological through microbiota-directed strategies. This review aims summarize associated with explore potential biomarkers address microbiota-associated mechanisms focusing intestinal barrier immune status. By summarizing existing effective dietary strategies interventions, probability developing diet targeting future is provided. focused three key notions: Firstly, new for regulating status lifespan, its closely related age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated features at levels genus/species important metabolites comparing differences among elderly people younger people. Secondly, exploring discussing using regime/components targeted aging-related promote human lifespan. Thirdly, intervention effectively improve imbalance such probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, but their effects vary among.

Language: Английский

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