International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(23), P. 15132 - 15132
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
Over
a
long
period
of
evolution,
insects
have
developed
unique
intestinal
defenses
against
invasion
by
foreign
microorganisms,
including
physical
and
immune
responses.
The
the
insect
gut
consist
mainly
peritrophic
matrix
(PM)
mucus
layer,
which
are
first
barriers
to
pathogens.
Gut
microbes
also
prevent
colonization
Importantly,
immune-deficiency
(Imd)
pathways
produce
antimicrobial
peptides
eliminate
pathogens;
mechanisms
related
reactive
oxygen
species
another
important
pathway
for
immunity.
janus
kinase/STAT
signaling
is
involved
in
immunity
producing
bactericidal
substances
regulating
tissue
repair.
Melanization
can
many
active
into
intestine;
meanwhile,
there
multiple
responses
intestine
fight
viral
parasitic
infections.
Furthermore,
stem
cells
(ISCs)
indispensable
Only
coordinated
combination
defense
system
renewal
effectively
defend
pathogenic
microorganisms.
Nature Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
4(11), P. 1532 - 1550
Published: Nov. 7, 2022
Abstract
Animals
must
adapt
their
dietary
choices
to
meet
nutritional
needs.
How
these
needs
are
detected
and
translated
into
nutrient-specific
appetites
that
drive
food-choice
behaviours
is
poorly
understood.
Here
we
show
enteroendocrine
cells
of
the
adult
female
Drosophila
midgut
sense
nutrients
in
response
release
neuropeptide
F
(NPF),
which
an
ortholog
mammalian
Y-family
gut-brain
hormones.
Gut-derived
NPF
acts
on
glucagon-like
adipokinetic
hormone
(AKH)
signalling
induce
sugar
satiety
increase
consumption
protein-rich
food,
adipose
tissue
promote
storage
ingested
nutrients.
Suppression
NPF-mediated
gut
leads
overconsumption
while
simultaneously
decreasing
intake
yeast.
Furthermore,
gut-derived
has
a
female-specific
function
promoting
protein-containing
food
mated
females.
Together,
our
findings
suggest
NPF-to-AKH
modulates
specific
regulates
choice
ensure
homeostatic
nutrients,
providing
insight
hormonal
mechanisms
underlie
hungers.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Feb. 4, 2022
Abstract
The
intestine
is
a
central
regulator
of
metabolic
homeostasis.
Dietary
inputs
are
absorbed
through
the
gut,
which
senses
their
nutritional
value
and
relays
hormonal
information
to
other
organs
coordinate
systemic
energy
balance.
However,
gut-derived
hormones
affecting
behavioral
responses
poorly
defined.
Here
we
show
that
endocrine
cells
Drosophila
gut
sense
nutrient
stress
mechanism
involves
TOR
pathway
in
response
secrete
peptide
hormone
allatostatin
C,
somatostatin
homolog.
Gut-derived
C
induces
secretion
glucagon-like
adipokinetic
food
intake
mobilization.
Loss
Allatostatin
or
its
receptor
adipokinetic-hormone-producing
impairs
lipid
sugar
mobilization
during
fasting,
leading
hypoglycemia.
Our
findings
illustrate
nutrient-responsive
maintains
homeostasis
under
nutrient-stress
conditions,
function
essential
health
whose
failure
can
lead
disorders.
Open Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(7)
Published: July 1, 2022
Plasticity
in
animal
behaviour
relies
on
the
ability
to
integrate
external
and
internal
cues
from
changing
environment
hence
modulate
activity
synaptic
circuits
of
brain.
This
context-dependent
neuromodulation
is
largely
based
non-synaptic
signalling
with
neuropeptides.
Here,
we
describe
select
peptidergic
systems
Drosophila
brain
that
act
at
different
levels
a
hierarchy
associated
physiology.
These
regions,
such
as
central
complex
mushroom
bodies,
which
supervise
specific
behaviours.
At
top
level
there
are
small
numbers
large
neurons
arborize
widely
multiple
areas
orchestrate
or
global
state
manner.
bottom
local
provide
executive
sensory
gain
intrinsically
restricted
parts
neuronal
circuits.
The
orchestrating
receive
interoceptive
signals
mediate
energy
sleep
homeostasis,
metabolic
circadian
timing,
well
affect
food
search,
aggression
mating.
Some
these
can
be
triggers
conflicting
behaviours
mating
versus
aggression,
feeding,
participate
circuits,
enabling
choices
switches.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(23), P. 15132 - 15132
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
Over
a
long
period
of
evolution,
insects
have
developed
unique
intestinal
defenses
against
invasion
by
foreign
microorganisms,
including
physical
and
immune
responses.
The
the
insect
gut
consist
mainly
peritrophic
matrix
(PM)
mucus
layer,
which
are
first
barriers
to
pathogens.
Gut
microbes
also
prevent
colonization
Importantly,
immune-deficiency
(Imd)
pathways
produce
antimicrobial
peptides
eliminate
pathogens;
mechanisms
related
reactive
oxygen
species
another
important
pathway
for
immunity.
janus
kinase/STAT
signaling
is
involved
in
immunity
producing
bactericidal
substances
regulating
tissue
repair.
Melanization
can
many
active
into
intestine;
meanwhile,
there
multiple
responses
intestine
fight
viral
parasitic
infections.
Furthermore,
stem
cells
(ISCs)
indispensable
Only
coordinated
combination
defense
system
renewal
effectively
defend
pathogenic
microorganisms.
