Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147(8)

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, weight) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control) that contribute health. Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including congenital rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary failure, valvular venous peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). Methods: through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2023 is product full year’s worth effort 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, Association staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus 2019) publications, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. Results: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. Conclusions: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Language: Английский

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2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(8)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, obesity) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, metabolic syndrome) that contribute health. AHA Disease Stroke Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including brain health, complications pregnancy, kidney congenital rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary cardiomyopathy, failure, valvular venous thromboembolism, peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). METHODS: AHA, through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States globally provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2024 is product full year’s worth effort 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional global data, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. RESULTS: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. CONCLUSIONS: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Language: Английский

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What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?

BMJ, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. l5275 - l5275

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry appeals to current smokers, former young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials would be required of conventional therapeutics medical devices. Their effectiveness as smoking cessation intervention, their impact at population level, whether they less harmful than combustible highly controversial. Here, we review evidence on effects e-cigarettes respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic organ cellular health in humans, animals, vitro. The similarities important differences from those cigarettes. Decades chronic needed for development lung diseases such cancer obstructive pulmonary disease, so e-cigarette use may not apparent until middle this century. We conclude knowledge these insufficient determine products.

Language: Английский

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Review of Health Consequences of Electronic Cigarettes and the Outbreak of Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury

Journal of Medical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 295 - 310

Published: April 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148(8), P. 703 - 728

Published: July 17, 2023

Vaping and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use have grown exponentially in the past decade, particularly among youth young adults. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for both cardiovascular pulmonary disease. Because of their more limited ingredients absence combustion, e-cigarettes vaping products are often touted as safer alternative potential tobacco-cessation products. The outbreak e-cigarette or product use-associated lung injury United States 2019, which led to >2800 hospitalizations, highlighted risks Currently, all regulated tobacco thus do not undergo premarket animal human safety studies required drug medical device. prevalence was high 27.5% school students 2019 States, it critical assess short-term long-term health effects these products, well development interventional public efforts reduce use. objectives this scientific statement (1) describe discuss patterns adults; (2) identify harmful potentially constituents aerosols; (3) critically molecular, animal, clinical evidence on acute chronic use; (4) current products; (5) summarize regulatory It timely, therefore, review especially implications cardiopulmonary health. Early molecular suggests various physiological from nicotine delivery systems, those containing nicotine. Additional animal-exposure model research needed continues grow.

Language: Английский

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Tobacco companies introduce ‘tobacco-free’ nicotine pouches

Tobacco Control, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. tobaccocontrol - 055321

Published: Nov. 21, 2019

A new product category is emerging with several large tobacco companies now selling ‘tobacco-free’ nicotine pouches. These products are sold as preportioned pouches similar to snus, but instead of containing leaf, they filled white nicotine-containing powder (figure 1). The placed between the lip and gum, require no spitting or refrigeration.1 2 At least five manufacturers currently sell pouch products. British American Tobacco sells Lyft in UK Sweden,2 3 Velo (through RJ Reynolds Vapor Company) USA.4 Swedish Match Zyn Europe USA,5 Kretek International Dryft USA1 Japan Nordic Spirit Sweden.6 Moreover, Altria recently agreed acquire 80% …

Language: Английский

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Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 86(12), P. 789 - 798

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing flavors perceived lack negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels dangerous chemicals into body cause severe lung injury death. This article reviews history prevalence available research on its effects efficacy proposes recommendations clinicians legislators reduce harms associated with vaping.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. e2026324 - e2026324

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Importance

Fourth-generation nicotine salt pod system (NSPS) electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the leading class of e-cigarettes. They contain high concentrations, which may facilitate switching among smokers, but could also lead to increased exposure and biomarkers potential harm. African American Latinx smokers experience significant tobacco-related health disparities. The NSPS e-cigarettes reduce smoking-related harm these groups is unknown.

Objective

To compare reduction e-cigarette vs combustible cigarettes.

Design, Setting, Participants

This unblinded randomized clinical trial compared 6 weeks use as usual from 2018 2019 in San Diego, California, Kansas City, Missouri, areas. Participants included adult cigarette who smoked at least 5 cigarettes/d on 25 past 30 days for months were interested Data analyzed September 18, 2019, 4, 2020.

Interventions

a choice flavors (5% nicotine) along with brief education, training, action planning completely switch control group usual.

Main Outcomes Measures

primary outcome was urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) concentration week 6. Secondary outcomes change cotinine, expired carbon monoxide (CO), respiratory symptoms, lung function, blood pressure, 7-day consumption cigarettes, rates (e-cigarette only) 2

Results

study 186 participants, including 92 participants 94 participants. mean (SD) age 43.3 (12.5) years, 75 (40.3%) women. 12.1 (7.2) 6.8 (0.6) d/wk baseline. A total 125 61 group. At baseline, median (interquartile range) NNAL 124 (45-197) pg/mL 88 (58-197) 6, had significantly greater reductions (relative risk [RR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23-0.54];P < .001), CO (RR, 0.53 0.42-0.68];P symptoms 0.63 0.47-0.85];P = .002), number 7 those still smoking 0.30 0.20-0.43];P .001) than maintained their cotinine levels 0.80 0.58-1.10];P .17). Lung function diastolic systolic pressure remained unchanged did not differ between groups. For receive e-cigarettes, 32 (28.1%) exclusively using while 66 (57.9%) dual 16 (14%) resumed

Conclusions Relevance

These findings suggest that be an inclusive strategy smokers.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03511001

Language: Английский

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Predicting molecular mechanisms, pathways, and health outcomes induced by Juul e-cigarette aerosol chemicals using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Current Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 272 - 281

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

There is a critical need to understand the health risks associated with vaping e-cigarettes, which has reached epidemic levels among teens. Juul currently most popular type of e-cigarette on market. Using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctdbase.org), public resource that integrates chemical, gene, phenotype and disease data, we aimed analyze potential molecular mechanisms eight chemicals detected in aerosols generated by heating pods: nicotine, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, free radicals, crotonaldehyde, acetone, pyruvaldehyde, particulate matter. Curated content CTD, including chemical-gene, chemical-phenotype, chemical-disease interactions, as well phenotypes pathway enrichment, were analyzed help identify diseases vaping. Nicotine shows direct associations these chemicals, followed matter formaldehyde. Together, show marker or mechanistic relationship 400 unique particularly categories cardiovascular diseases, nervous system respiratory tract cancers, mental disorders. We chose three investigate further, found addition cellular processes apoptosis cell proliferation, prioritized underlying Juul-associated outcomes include response oxidative stress, inflammatory response, several signaling pathways (p38MAPK, NIK/NFkappaB, calcium-mediated).

Language: Английский

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Association Between E-Cigarettes and Asthma in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 953 - 960

Published: March 23, 2022

Numerous studies have revealed the relationship between E-cigarettes and asthma but shown inconsistent results. This study systematically evaluated potential association E-cigarette use in adolescents.PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Library, China Biological Medicine Database were searched for relevant articles published database inception February 28, 2021. The quality of included was using Agency Healthcare Research Quality assessment, a quantitative meta-analysis conducted to pool outcomes ORs with 95% CIs.A total 10 cross-sectional incorporating 483,948 participants included. All middle- high-school students mean age 15-16 years. median prevalence ever 11.2% (range=2.2%, 45%), that current 7.5% (range=2.7%, 25%). Overall, associated significantly higher odds having (pooled OR=1.31, CI=1.22, 1.42) than nonuse, both (OR=1.36, CI=1.26, 1.48) (OR=1.20, CI=1.12, 1.28) showed similar associations.This shows significant associations adolescents. knowledge might provide evidence developing primary prevention strategies serve as reference public health policy.

Language: Английский

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