Large language models show human-like content biases in transmission chain experiments

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(44)

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

As the use of large language models (LLMs) grows, it is important to examine whether they exhibit biases in their output. Research cultural evolution, using transmission chain experiments, demonstrates that humans have attend to, remember, and transmit some types content over others. Here, five preregistered experiments material from previous studies with human participants, we same, chain-like methodology, find LLM ChatGPT-3 shows analogous for gender-stereotype-consistent, social, negative, threat-related, biologically counterintuitive, other content. The presence these output suggests such widespread its training data could consequential downstream effects, by magnifying preexisting tendencies cognitively appealing not necessarily informative, or valuable,

Language: Английский

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The evolution of online news headlines

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sharing, commenting, and reacting to Danish misinformation: A case study of cognitive attraction on Facebook

Nordicom review/NORDICOM review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 55 - 75

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Social media facilitate a competition for users’ limited attention by bringing various content together, from health advice to entertainment, and updates loved ones misinformation. Especially misinformation has raised societal concern. We evaluated the influence of visual material cognitive factors attraction, specifically valenced sentiment, threat-related, intergroup-related, social information, on engagement scores (i.e., shares, comments, reactions). analysed 356 misleading Danish Facebook posts sampled through fact-checking association TjekDet’s “entirely or partly false” web page fitting Bayesian zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. The study showed that videos images were exceptionally strong predictors engagement, especially shares. Positivity, negativity, intergroup-related information also increased but threat-related reduced it. Our findings suggest in highly competitive online environment, some biases are stronger than others. Finally, we discuss potential moderators their effect such as reputation management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Negative news headlines are more attractive: negativity bias in online news reading and sharing

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Preface to second edition

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. ix - x

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Extract A year after the two hundredth anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth, evolutionary accounts human behaviour are as prevalent ever. Such also remain remarkably contentious, still attracting legions hostile criticism and exciting vigorous, impassioned defences. Whether you an admirer or not, there can be no doubt that field has retained a high profile, both within outside academia, it remains fertile. Nonetheless, in eight years since first edition was completed, great deal changed. In many non-trivial respects, virtually all domains behavioural sciences have made significant progress. We grateful to Oxford University Press for providing us with opportunity produce second recount these changes. The last been quite extraordinary period. For instance, genome sequenced, dramatic implications sciences, we discuss at some length this book. Important advances our understanding recent evolution, which affected from outside. Significant developments occurred field, such broadening psychology methodology, appearance cultural evolution experimentation, application phylogenetic approaches culture. Unfortunately, rapid progress not matched memetics. To reflect changing literature, Chapter 6, previously devoted memes, restyled chapter, memes just making up small part.

Language: Английский

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The Cognitive Foundations of Fictional Stories

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

We hypothesize that fictional stories are highly successful in human cultures partly because they activate evolved cognitive mechanisms, for instance finding mates (e.g., romance fiction), exploring the world adventure and speculative or avoiding predators horror fiction). In this paper, we put forward a comprehensive framework to study fiction through evolutionary lens. The primary goal of is carve at their joints using an framework. Reviewing wide range adaptive variations psychology – personality developmental psychology, behavioral ecology, biology, among other disciplines –, also addresses question interindividual differences preferences different features stories. It generates predictions about patterns combinations such features, according pattenrs mechanisms triggered by As result collaborative effort, present review activate. To generate review, (1) listed more than 70 challenges humans faced course evolution, (2) identified psychological response challenges, (3) specified four sources variability sensitivity each mechanism (i.e., traits, sex, age, ecological conditions), (4) linked these story trigger them. This lays ground theory-driven research program stories, content, distribution, structure, cultural evolution.

Language: Английский

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The Evolution of Online News Headlines

Published: May 3, 2024

As the written word has moved online, new technological affordances and pressures, such as accelerated cycles of production consumption, have changed how news headlines are produced selected. Previous literature linked certain strategies (e.g., clickbait) linguistic features length, negativity) to success text online. We tracked changes in way language is used a sample ca. 40 million across last two decades from English-language outlets worldwide, focusing on time period which headline format adapted online context. drew broad set lexical, syntactic semantic find signature transition formats journalistic output decades. Many – but not all become more prevalent over time, length negativity. This systematic shift appeared different countries, political leanings, styles. may indicate an adaptation pressures digital, environment, raises questions for design environments future.

Language: Английский

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Biogeographical ‍distributions of trickster animals

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Human language encompasses almost endless potential for meaning, and folklore can theoretically incorporate themes beyond time space. However, actual distributions of the are not always universal their constraints remain unclear. Here, we specifically focused on zoological aimed to reveal what restricts distribution trickster animals in folklore. We applied biogeographical methodology 16 taxonomic categories (455 data) real (93 090 848 obtained from large databases. Our analysis revealed that was restricted by presence vicinity and, more importantly, corresponding animals. Given annual mean temperature precipitation, these climatic conditions indirectly affect study, applying methods culture, paves way a deeper understanding interactions between ecology culture.

Language: Английский

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Content-Based Learning Biases

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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A cultural evolution theory for contemporary polarization trends in moral opinions

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract While existing theories of political polarization tend to suggest that the opinions liberals and conservatives move in opposite directions, available data indicate on a wide range moral issues liberal direction among both conservatives. Moreover, some scientists have hypothesized this movement follows an S-shaped curve similar, but later, conservatives, so given issue first increases (as at initial stage faster liberals) then decreases later conservatives). Here we show these dynamics are explained by Moral Argument Theory, cultural evolution theory positing opinion shifts arise from certain content bias social transmission. This also yields several other specific predictions about trends opinions, which test against longitudinal 55 General Social Survey (sample sizes between 1798 57,809 per issue). The generally confirmed. We conclude perspective can provide valuable insights for science understanding contemporary societal changes.

Language: Английский

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