Variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 shedding rates in wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 857, P. 159165 - 159165

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Self-Test Data: Challenges and Opportunities — United States, October 31, 2021–June 11, 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(32), P. 1005 - 1010

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Self-tests* to detect current infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are valuable tools guide individual decision-making and risk reduction

Language: Английский

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Estimated SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence trends and relationship to reported case prevalence from a repeated, cross-sectional study in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, United States—October 25, 2020–February 26, 2022

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100403 - 100403

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Sero-surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can reveal trends and differences in subgroups capture undetected or unreported infections that are not included case-based surveillance systems. Cross-sectional, convenience samples remnant sera from clinical laboratories 51 U.S. jurisdictions were assayed for infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies biweekly October 25, 2020, to July 11, 2021, monthly September 6, February 26, 2022. Test results analyzed infection-induced, nucleocapsid-protein seroprevalence using mixed effects models adjusted demographic variables assay type. Analyses 1,469,792 serum specimens revealed increased 8.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9%–8.1%) November 2020 58.2% (CI: 57.4%–58.9%) The ratio the change estimated reported case prevalence was 2.8 2.8–2.9) during winter 2020–2021, 2.3 2.0–2.5) summer 3.1 3.0–3.3) 2021–2022. Change ratios ranged 2.6 2.3–2.8) 3.5 3.3–3.7) by region Ratios suggest a high proportion detected periods transmission. largest increases coincided with spread B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant accessibility home testing. varied season highest midwestern southern United States Our demonstrate counts did fully differing underlying infection rates value sero-surveillance understanding full burden infection. Levels antibody seroprevalence, particularly spikes transmission, important contextualize vaccine effectiveness data as susceptibility population changes. This work supported Centers Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Language: Английский

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The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID in U.S. adults during the BA.4/BA.5 surge, June–July 2022

Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 107461 - 107461

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Use of Natural Language Processing of Patient-Initiated Electronic Health Record Messages to Identify Patients With COVID-19 Infection

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. e2322299 - e2322299

Published: July 7, 2023

Importance Natural language processing (NLP) has the potential to enable faster treatment access by reducing clinician response time and improving electronic health record (EHR) efficiency. Objective To develop an NLP model that can accurately classify patient-initiated EHR messages triage COVID-19 cases reduce improve antiviral treatment. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed development of a novel framework subsequently evaluate model’s accuracy. Included patients sent via patient portal from 5 Atlanta, Georgia, hospitals between March 30 September 1, 2022. Assessment accuracy consisted manual review message contents confirm classification label team physicians, nurses, medical students, followed propensity score–matched clinical outcomes analysis. Exposure Prescription for COVID-19. Main Outcomes Measures The 2 primary were (1) physician-validated evaluation (2) analysis effect increased classified into COVID-19–other (pertaining but not reporting positive test), COVID-19-positive (reporting at-home test result), non–COVID-19 (not pertaining COVID-19). Results Among 10 172 whose included in analyses, mean (SD) age was 58 (17) years; 6509 (64.0%) women 3663 (36.0%) men. In terms race ethnicity, 2544 (25.0%) African American or Black, 20 (0.2%) Indian Alaska Native, 1508 (14.8%) Asian, 28 (0.3%) Native Hawaiian other Pacific Islander, 5980 (58.8%) White, 91 (0.9%) more than 1 (0.01%) chose answer. had high sensitivity, with macro F1 score 94% sensitivity 85% COVID-19–other, 96% COVID-19–positive, 100% messages. 3048 patient-generated SARS-CoV-2 results, 2982 (97.8%) documented structured data. Mean COVID-19–positive who received (364.10 [784.47] minutes) those did (490.38 [1132.14] minutes; P = .03). Likelihood prescription inversely correlated (odds ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-1.00]; .003). Conclusions Relevance this patients, results sensitivity. Furthermore, when responses occurred faster, likely receive within 5-day window. Although additional on is needed, these findings represent possible use case integration algorithms care.

Language: Английский

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Excess natural-cause mortality in US counties and its association with reported COVID-19 deaths

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(6)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

In the United States, estimates of excess deaths attributable to COVID-19 pandemic have consistently surpassed reported death counts. Excess non-COVID-19 natural causes may represent unrecognized deaths, caused by health care interruptions, and/or from pandemic’s socioeconomic impacts. The geographic and temporal distribution these help evaluate which explanation is most plausible. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model produce monthly natural-cause mortality for US counties over first 30 mo pandemic. From March 2020 through August 2022, 1,194,610 occurred nationally [90% PI (Posterior Interval): 1,046,000 1,340,204]. A total 162,886 (90% PI: 14,276 308,480) were not COVID-19. Overall, 15.8 every 100 deaths. This number was greater in nonmetropolitan (36.0 deaths), West (Rocky Mountain states: 31.6 deaths; Pacific 25.5 South (East Central 26.0 Atlantic 25.0 24.2 deaths). contrast, counts metropolitan New England Middle states. Increases correlated temporally with increases same prior month. suggests that many during States

Language: Английский

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Self-tests for COVID-19: What is the evidence? A living systematic review and meta-analysis (2020–2023)

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. e0002336 - e0002336

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

COVID-19 self-testing strategy (COVIDST) can rapidly identify symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals their contacts, potentially reducing transmission. In this living systematic review, we evaluated the evidence for real-world COVIDST performance. Two independent reviewers searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, World Health Organization database, Cochrane registry, Europe PMC) period April 1st, 2020, to January 18th, 2023. Data on studies evaluating against laboratory-based conventional testing reported diagnostic accuracy, feasibility, acceptability, impact, qualitative outcomes were abstracted. Bivariate random effects meta-analyses accuracy performed (n = 14). Subgroup analyses (by sampling site, symptomatic/asymptomatic infection, supervised/unsupervised strategy, with/without digital supports) conducted. from 70 included studies, conducted across 25 countries with a median sample size 817 (range: 28-784,707) pooled. Specificity DOR was high overall, irrespective subgroups (98.37-99.71%). Highest sensitivities for: a) (73.91%, 95%CI: 68.41-78.75%; n 9), b) mid-turbinate nasal samples (77.79%, 56.03-90.59%; 14), c) supervised (86.67%, 59.64-96.62%; 13), d) use interventions (70.15%, 50.18-84.63%; Lower sensitivity attributed absence symptoms, errors in test conduct supervision or support. We found no difference between delta omicron pre-dominant period. Digital supports increased confidence reporting interpretation 16). Overall acceptability 91.0-98.7% 2) lower daily (39.5-51.1%). feasibility 69.0-100.0% 5) (35.9-64.6%) serial self-testing. decreased closures school, workplace, social events 4). is an effective rapid screening home-, workplace- school-based screening, persons, preventing transmission during outbreaks. These data will guide policy. Our review demonstrates that has paved way pandemics worldwide.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Rapid Antigen Test Performance — Respiratory Virus Transmission Network, November 2022–May 2023

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(16), P. 365 - 371

Published: April 25, 2024

As population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 evolves and new variants emerge, the role accuracy of antigen tests remain active questions. To describe recent test performance, detection by testing was compared with that reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) viral culture during November 2022-May 2023. Participants who were enrolled in a household transmission study completed daily symptom diaries collected two nasal swabs (tested for via RT-PCR, culture, tests) each day 10 days after enrollment. Among participants infection, percentages positive antigen, results calculated from onset symptoms or, asymptomatic persons, date first result. Antigen sensitivity using RT-PCR as references. The peak percentage (59.0%) (83.0%) occurred 3 onset, (52%) 2 onset. 47% (95% CI = 44%-50%) 80% 76%-85%) respectively, Clinicians should be aware lower which might lead false-negative results. This finding has implications timely initiation antiviral treatment, when early diagnosis is essential; clinicians consider persons whom treatment recommended. Persons community are at high risk severe COVID-19 illness eligible seek health care providers goal obtaining more sensitive diagnostic than (i.e., an test).

Language: Английский

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Seasonality of respiratory, enteric, and urinary viruses revealed by wastewater genomic surveillance

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: May 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Wastewater surveillance can reveal population-level infectious disease burden and emergent public health threats be reliably assessed through wastewater surveillance. While molecular methods for monitoring of microorganisms have traditionally relied on PCR-based approaches, next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide deeper insights via genomic analyses multiple diverse pathogens. We conducted a year-long 1,408 composite samples collected from 12 neighborhood-level access points in the greater Tempe area, Arizona, USA, show that variation viruses is driven by seasonal time location. The temporal dynamics were influenced cyclically, with most dissimilarity between 23 weeks apart (i.e., winter vs summer, spring fall). identified urinary enteric including polyomaviruses, astroviruses, noroviruses, showed their genotypes/subtypes shifted across seasons. while data certain respiratory like severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strongly correlate clinical case rates, laboratory-reported incidences discordant surges high viral load other human 229E. These results demonstrate utility informing decision-making health. IMPORTANCE into spread pathogens communities. Advances methodologies allow more precise detection wastewater. Long-term an important tool preparedness. This system act as observatory gives real-time early warning outbreaks improved response times.

Language: Английский

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A decade of clinical microbiology: top 10 advances in 10 years: what every infection preventionist and antimicrobial steward should know

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The past 10 years have brought paradigm-shifting changes to clinical microbiology. This paper explores the top transformative innovations across diagnostic spectrum, including not only state of art technologies but also preanalytic and post-analytic advances. Clinical decision support tools reshaped testing practices, curbing unnecessary tests. Innovations like broad-range polymerase chain reaction metagenomic sequencing, whole genome multiplex molecular panels, rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry all expanded our armamentarium. Rapid home-based has made more accessible than ever. Enhancements clinician-laboratory interfaces allow for automated stewardship interventions education. Laboratory restructuring consolidation efforts are reshaping field microbiology, presenting both opportunities challenges future microbiology laboratories. Here, we review key last decade.

Language: Английский

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