Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies — United States, September 2021–February 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(17), P. 606 - 608

Published: April 26, 2022

In December 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2, virus that causes COVID-19, became predominant in United States. Subsequently, national COVID-19 case rates peaked at their highest recorded levels.* Traditional methods disease surveillance do not capture all cases because some are asymptomatic, diagnosed, or reported; therefore, proportion population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (i.e., seroprevalence) can improve understanding population-level incidence COVID-19. This report uses data from CDC's commercial laboratory seroprevalence study and 2018 American Community Survey to examine U.S. trends infection-induced during September 2021-February 2022, by age group.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(6), P. 525 - 532

Published: July 20, 2022

Since it was first identified in early November 2021, the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread quickly and replaced B.1.617.2 (delta) as dominant many countries. Data on real-world effectiveness vaccines against omicron children are lacking.In a study conducted from January 21, 2022, through April 8, when spreading rapidly, we analyzed data Singapore who were 5 to 11 years age. We assessed incidences all reported SARS-CoV-2 infections (confirmed polymerase-chain-reaction [PCR] assay, rapid antigen testing, or both), confirmed PCR disease 2019 (Covid-19)-related hospitalizations among unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (≥1 day after dose vaccine up 6 days second dose), fully (≥7 dose). Poisson regression used estimate incidence rate ratio outcomes.A total 255,936 included analysis. Among unvaccinated children, crude rates infections, PCR-confirmed Covid-19-related 3303.5, 473.8, 30.0 per 1 million person-days, respectively. 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7 15.5) 24.3% CI, 19.5 28.9) infection, 42.3% 24.9 55.7) hospitalization; 36.8% 35.3 38.2), 65.3% 62.0 68.3), 82.7% 74.8 88.2), respectively.During period predominant, BNT162b2 vaccination reduced risks infection hospitalization

Language: Английский

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Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(21), P. 1935 - 1946

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

In February 2022, Massachusetts rescinded a statewide universal masking policy in public schools, and many school districts lifted requirements during the subsequent weeks. greater Boston area, only two — neighboring Chelsea sustained through June 2022. The staggered lifting of provided an opportunity to examine effect policies on incidence coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) schools.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Aged 5 to 11 Years

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 177(4), P. 384 - 384

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Evidence of the efficacy and safety messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5 to 11 years has been emerging. Collecting these data will inform clinicians, families, policy makers.To evaluate mRNA a systematic review meta-analysis.PubMed Embase databases were searched on September 29, 2022, without language restrictions.Randomized clinical trials observational studies comparing vaccinated vs unvaccinated reporting or outcomes included. Studies only (ie, no control group) also included.Two investigators independently extracted relevant from each study. Odds ratios (ORs) for incidences adverse events (AEs) following vaccination synthesized using random-effects model. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-analyses Meta-analysis Observational Epidemiology guidelines.The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infections with symptoms. The secondary included symptomatic infections, hospitalizations, multisystem inflammatory syndrome children. AE evaluated.Two randomized 15 involving 10 935 541 (median mean age range, 8.0-9.5 years) 2 635 251 7.0-9.5 Two-dose compared associated lower risks symptoms (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.35-0.64), 0.53; 0.41-0.70), hospitalizations 0.32; 0.15-0.68), 0.05; 0.02-0.10). Two investigated AEs among Most experienced at least 1 local first injection (32 494 55 959 [86.3%]) second (28 135 46 447 [86.3%]). Vaccination higher risk any placebo 1.92; 1.26-2.91). incidence that prevented normal daily activities 8.8% (95% 5.4%-14.2%) myocarditis estimated be 1.8 per million 0.000%-0.001%) injection.In this meta-analysis, measures preventing infection severe COVID-19-related illnesses. While most developed AEs, rare, resolved within several days. These provide evidence future recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Safety and effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 in children aged 5–11 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 379 - 391

Published: April 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron and its current known unknowns: A narrative review

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has created great global distress. This concern shows multiple sublineages, importantly B.1.1.529.1 (BA.1), BA.1 + R346K (BA.1.1), and B.1.1.529.2 (BA.2), each with unique properties. However, little is known about this new variant, specifically its sub-variants. A narrative review was conducted to summarise latest findings on transmissibility, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, efficacy current vaccines treatments. shown two times higher transmission rates than Delta above ten more infectious other variants over a similar period. With 30 mutations in spike protein's receptor-binding domain, there reduced detection by conventional RT-PCR rapid antigen tests. Moreover, two-dose vaccine effectiveness against found be approximately 21%, suggesting an urgent need for booster dose prevent possibility breakthrough infections. remain highly efficacious severe disease, hospitalisation, mortality. Japanese preliminary lab data elucidated that sublineage BA.2 illness severity BA.1. To date, management remains unchanged, except monoclonal antibodies. Thus far, only Bebtelovimab could sufficiently treat all three sub-variants Omicron. Further studies are warranted understand complexity Such research necessary improve prevention infection.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Delta and Omicron Variant-Dominant Periods in Korea

Journal of Korean Medical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(9)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Data on the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant infection are limited. We aimed to evaluate features and outcomes children SARS-CoV-2 before after omicron dominance in Korea.A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted hospitalized aged ≤ 18 years laboratory-confirmed at five university hospitals South Korea. The periods were divided into delta (from August 23, 2021 January 2, 2022) 30 March 31, 2022).In total, 612 identified (211, delta; 401, omicron). During periods, proportions individuals serious illness (moderate, severe, critical severity) 21.2% 11.8%, respectively (P = 0.034). Compared period, moderate increased significantly age groups 0-4 (14.2% vs. 3.4%) 5-11 (18.6% 4.2%) during period. two complex chronic diseases (delta, 16.0% 4.3%, P 0.040; omicron, 27.1% 12.7%; 0.002), except for asthma 8.0% 0.0%, 0.013; 9.4% 1.6%; 0.001), neurologic 28.0% 3.2%, < 0.001; 40.0% 5.1%, 0.001) higher than those non-serious illness. risk among obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80-27.36) (aOR, 39.43; CI, 6.90-268.3) 12-18 3.92; 1.46-10.85). However, presence disease 9.80; 4.50-22.57) only factor croup (11.0% 0.5%) seizures (13.2% 2.8%) compared period.Compared young comorbidities period Patients diseases, especially had a high 2019 distinct variant-dominant periods.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1147 - 1147

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

In the beginning of COVID-19, proportion confirmed cases in pediatric population was relatively small and there an opinion that children often had a mild or asymptomatic course infection. Our understanding immune response, diagnosis treatment COVID-19 is highly oriented towards adult population. At same time, despite fact usually occurs form, incomplete as acute infection its subsequent manifestations such Long-COVID-19 Post-COVID-19, PASC population, correlations with comorbidities immunological changes. childhood, some authors explain absence decreasing T B lymphocytes. Regardless patient’s condition, they can have second phase, related to exacerbation inflammation heart tissue even if viral completely eliminated—post infectious myocarditis. Mechanism myocardial dysfunction development MIS-C are not fully understood. It known various immunocompetent cells, including both resident inflammatory cells peripheral tissues (for example macrophages, dendritic memory T-lymphocytes so on) also circulating blood play important role immunopathogenesis expected hyperproduction interferons enhanced cytokine response 1 2 types contribute myocardium. However, Th1 pathogenesis myocarditis remains controversial. clinical mechanisms damage, heart, against background after differ from adults. Further studies needed evaluate whether transient persistent cardiac complications associated long-term adverse events.

Language: Английский

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Misinformation about vaccine safety and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among adults and 5–11-year-olds in the United States

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(45), P. 6463 - 6470

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Despite increasing rates of vaccination for COVID-19 in the US, hesitancy continues to be a barrier full immunization eligible population. Hesitancy appears particularly pronounced among adults deciding whether recommend that children vaccinated against COVID-19. In this research, we tested embrace misinformation about safety is associated with vaccinate oneself and 5–11-year-old child national probability panel created April 2021, assessed belief both general vaccines, particular. As hypothesized, predicted uptake reported through September likelihood aged 5–11 January 2022, three months after approval vaccine. addition, vaccines arose over time correlated highly more misinformation. For outcomes, vaccine beyond concerns health risks contracting one's family ages 5–11. The findings indicate continued efforts are needed bolster beliefs authorized approved many types not just those Some strategies achieve objective suggested.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Severe Outcomes Among Adult and Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, March 2020 to May 2022

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. e239050 - e239050

Published: April 20, 2023

Trends in COVID-19 severe outcomes have significant implications for the health care system and are key to informing public measures. However, data summarizing trends among patients hospitalized with Canada not well described.To describe during first 2 years of pandemic.Active prospective surveillance this cohort study was conducted from March 15, 2020, May 28, 2022, at a sentinel network 155 acute hospitals across Canada. Participants included adult (aged ≥18 years) pediatric 0-17 laboratory-confirmed Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP)-participating hospital.COVID-19 waves, vaccination status, age group.The CNISP collected weekly aggregate on following outcomes: hospitalization, admission an intensive unit (ICU), receipt mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, all-cause in-hospital death.Among 1 513 065 admissions, proportion (n = 51 679) 4035) highest waves 5 6 pandemic compared 4 (77.3 vs 24.7 per 1000 patient admissions). Despite this, positive test results who were admitted ICU, received died each significantly lower when through 4. Admission ICU death rates higher those unvaccinated against fully vaccinated (incidence rate ratio, 4.3 3.9, respectively) or additional dose 12.2 15.1, respectively).The findings suggest that is important reduce burden as associated COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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