Differences in Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Incidence Among Single‐Race and Multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander Subgroups in Hawaii and California: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Background Little is known about clinical and sociodemographic factors affecting coronary heart disease (CHD) stroke incidence in single‐race multiracial American Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander subgroups. As the US population becomes more diverse, it important to characterize differences risks for CHD stroke, their contributing factors, these populations. Methods Results The study included 303 958 patients from Kaiser Permanente Hawaii Palo Alto Medical Foundation California. Self‐reported race ethnicity were derived electronic health records 12 mutually exclusive groups created analyses. Cox proportional hazard models used compare incidence. Unadjusted compared with adjusted age, income, education, body mass index, smoking, comorbidities. We found up a 4‐fold variation rates among Multiracial subgroups had higher than groups. While most lower risks, middle‐aged Asian Indian men Hawaiian women non‐Hispanic White controls. Income, comorbidities contributed significantly all groups, especially Islander, Conclusions Risks vary by racial ethnic subgroups, demonstrating need unmask disaggregating that only partially explained modifiable risk factors. Future studies should further explore lifestyle, psychosocial, sociocultural

Language: Английский

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Social–Environmental Burden Is Associated with Increased Colorectal Cancer Mortality in Metropolitan Detroit

Cancer Research Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 694 - 705

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Neighborhood quality affects both socioeconomic factors and exposure to carcinogenic environmental pollutants, but the impacts of these on racial disparities in colorectal cancer mortality are not well described. We used Centers for Disease Control Prevention Environmental Justice Index social vulnerability module, burden module (EBM), combined social–environmental score (SER) assess relationships with by race age Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. Among 13,505 patients [9,727 non-Hispanic White (NHW) 3,778 Black (NHB)], EBM quartile 4 versus 1 was more strongly associated among NHB early-onset (EO) cases than NHW EO [NHB: HR = 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20–3.26; NHW: 1.40, CI, 0.88–2.25]. SER (NHB: 1.76, 0.93–3.31; 1.53, 0.79–2.96) compared later-onset 1.15, 0.87–1.52; 1.39, 1.17–1.65) regardless race. These associations were strongest colon tumors rectal (EO EBM: 2.08, 1.24–3.48 vs. rectum 1.03, 0.64–1.66; SER: 2.57, 1.38–4.79 0.84, 0.48–1.45). results suggest combination socio-environmental burdens contributes metropolitan Detroit. Significance: Understanding role justice survivorship could influence policy decisions, aiding intervention practices.

Language: Английский

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The need for scientific leadership and collaboration to enhance social connection: A call to action

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Abstract The United States faces a growing crisis of social disconnection, marked by increasing rates loneliness, isolation, and declining capital. This has profound implications for public health, as connection is critical to individual well‐being societal functioning. “loneliness epidemic,” described the US Surgeon General, intertwined with broader challenges such mental health crises, substance abuse, sociopolitical issues. Although evidence highlights importance outcomes, efforts address disconnection remain fragmented. article provides context about status in America justifies need science promote from perspectives scientific leadership council (SLC). call action proposes coordinated to: (1) galvanize employ design solutions policies disconnection; (2) establish role US‐based SLC, an interdisciplinary collaborative evidence‐based leadership; (3) advocate unified harmonization close gap between implementation. Additionally, this setting measurable national goals aligned Healthy People 2030 framework monitor progress drive systemic change, transforming current landscape building more connected future.

Language: Английский

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Understanding racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette outcome expectancies among early adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: May 12, 2025

Introduction E-cigarette expectancies, which may differ by race/ethnicity, play a crucial role in shaping youth e-cigarette use. Observed differences however, reflect racial/ethnic variations social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status (SES). This study examined the extent to race/ethnicity was uniquely associated with youths’ positive and negative after adjusting for SES neighborhood disadvantage, individual, family, peer risk factors. Methods Analyses included 8,814 Black (15.0%), Latinx (22.8%), White (62.2%) 12 14-year-old participants Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Applying three-stage analytic approach, hierarchical regression analyses associations expectancies three blocks, age gender block 1, adding disadvantage 2, factors 3. Results (relative White) Black) were ( p < 0.001) blocks 1 2 but non-significant lower no longer significant indicators 2. Perceived risk, perceived disapproval, curiosity about e-cigarettes expectancies. Discussion The results highlight importance considering context individual interpersonal prevention.

Language: Английский

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Social Determinants of Health and Health-Related Social Needs Among Adults With Chronic Diseases in the United States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022

Preventing Chronic Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

The relationship between social determinants of health (SDOH) and health-related needs (HRSN) some chronic diseases at the population level is not well known. We sought to determine relationships SDOH/HRSN major among US adults by using data from 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Language: Английский

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The Association of Socio-Environmental Inequality and Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery

Journal of Surgical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 664 - 673

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Using Z Codes to Document Social Risk Factors in the Electronic Health Record

Medical Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Introduction: Individual-level social risk factors have a significant impact on health. Social risks can be documented in the electronic health record using ICD-10 diagnosis codes (the “Z codes”). This study aims to summarize literature Z document risks. Methods: A scoping review was conducted PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for papers published before June 2024. Studies were included if they English peer-reviewed journals reported code utilization rate with data from United States. Results: Thirty-two articles review. In studies based patient-level data, patient counts ranged 558 patients 204 million, 0.4% 17.6%, median 1.2%. that examined encounter-level sample sizes 19,000 2.1 billion encounters, 0.1% 3.7%, 1.4%. The most Z59 (housing economic circumstances), Z63 (primary support group), Z62 (upbringing). Patients more likely younger, male, non-White, seeking care an urban teaching facility, higher costs utilizations. Discussion: use is low. However, research interest growing, better understanding beneficial developing strategies increase documentation, goal improving outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Lifecourse correlates of self-rated health and associations with subsequent mortality: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100085 - 100085

Published: March 11, 2024

Poor self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to predict adverse outcomes among older people, however these associations have traditionally only considered at one point in the lifecourse, usually midlife or later. Here we examined lifecourse correlates of SRH early, mid and later life, relating subsequent risk mortality a community-dwelling cohort.

Language: Английский

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Advancing health disparities research and improving health for all

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. q1093 - q1093

Published: May 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Feasibility of Clients of Community Health Workers from Minority Low‐Income Communities as Research Participants

Health & Social Care in the Community, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The increased funding provided for Community Health Worker (CHW) hiring and training as part of the COVID‐19 pandemic response was to increase their impact in alleviating effects negative social determinants health lives most vulnerable individuals communities. This enhanced use CHW populations can also be used improve access such applied research study ways outcomes low‐income minority populations. We carried out a feasibility using State association partners reach CHWs working with population. Three hundred three (303) clients were interviewed on various demographic, access, employment information both univariate multivariate analyses determine factors associated being unvaccinated against chi‐squared if having insurance. About half self‐identified Black/African American Hispanic. Two‐thirds women 52.1% unemployed 55.1% had no There between status Majority (71.6%) received one dose type vaccine younger African not getting vaccine, well Most came see about Health/Healthcare issue five (SDOH). 38 different job titles by mainly blue collar jobs personal care. Our results indicate that population who have limited high unemployment effectively linkage research. found this population, younger, American, unemployed, insurance are each vaccinated COVID‐19, is shown partnership subjects leads elucidating new addressing public programming.

Language: Английский

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