Decline of the North American avifauna

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6461), P. 120 - 124

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

Species extinctions have defined the global biodiversity crisis, but extinction begins with loss in abundance of individuals that can result compositional and functional changes ecosystems. Using multiple independent monitoring networks, we report population losses across much North American avifauna over 48 years, including once-common species from most biomes. Integration range-wide trajectories size estimates indicates a net approaching 3 billion birds, or 29% 1970 abundance. A continent-wide weather radar network also reveals similarly steep decline biomass passage migrating birds recent 10-year period. This bird signals an urgent need to address threats avert future avifaunal collapse associated ecosystem integrity, function, services.

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating compositional changes in the avian communities of eastern North America using temperature and precipitation indices

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(4), P. 739 - 752

Published: March 18, 2022

Abstract Aim Species distributions are altered by climate change, resulting in changes community composition. How communities changing with is important for understanding the dynamics of diversity patterns. In this study, we employ two weighted means (CWMs) temperature (CTI) and precipitation (CPI) to evaluate patterns climate‐driven changes. Location Eastern North America between −100° −60° longitude 25°–50°N latitude. Taxon American birds Methods We used Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data from 1990 2018 test spatiotemporal trends these indices at a sub‐continental (across all BBS routes) regional scale (sub‐continental partitioned 5° latitude bands). jackknife analysis highlight individual species contributions CTI CPI further identify group characteristics based on relative abundance range expansion contraction trends. Results Across routes, marginally increased significantly increased. At scale, found no correlation temperature, but positive precipitation. both increased, driven abundances “warm” “wet” dwelling expanding range. Regional deviated was increasing range, whereas decreases “dry” contracting drove highest latitudes. Main conclusions The concurrent use highlights that more complicated than using metrics alone. Employing one index demonstrates how simultaneous increases separate evaluative can have disproportionate effects number contribute trend disparate mechanisms underlying differences.

Language: Английский

---

Towards redressing inaccurate, offensive and inappropriate common bird names

Ibis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 163(4), P. 1492 - 1499

Published: July 16, 2021

English common names are widely used in ornithological research, birding, media and by the general public and, unlike other taxa, often receive considerably greater use than scientific names. Across world, many of these were coined from 18th 19th century European perspectives symbolic a time when this was only worldview considered science. Here, we highlight formal efforts societies around world to change birds better reflect diverse scientists 21st century. We focus on particular case studies regions with history colonialism, including South Africa North America, as well successful implementation Indigenous bird New Zealand. In addition detailing independent repeated different communities address culturally inappropriate names, discuss dissention debate America regarding changes. The continued problematic must if wish create more inclusive discipline.

Language: Английский

---

A phylogenomic tree of wood-warblers (Aves: Parulidae): Dealing with good, bad, and ugly samples

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 108235 - 108235

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Changing ecological communities along an elevation gradient in seasonally dry tropical forest on Hispaniola (Sierra Martín García, Dominican Republic)

Biotropica, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 802 - 816

Published: Oct. 24, 2019

Abstract We report the results of systematic vascular plant and bird surveys in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) across leeward windward elevation gradients (31–884 masl) Sierra Martín García (SMG), Dominican Republic. expected to see gradual, changes distributions with owing strong effect topoclimate. In contrast, we predicted community composition be related only weakly elevation, because more strongly vegetation structure than composition. Based on 48 transects, identified seven groups that differed their species composition, which was correlated precipitation. The most distinctive occurs dry, warm, low elevations slope, featuring large numbers non‐woody indicator (those found frequently within one group but not other groups) even though its trees shrubs represent are widespread. Low rainfall shale bedrock (rather limestone) may primary drivers distinctiveness low‐elevation plots. On where also surveyed birds, gradually at mid‐ high elevations. associated forest dominated by widespread species. At higher elevations, still SDTF, communities had a stronger component endemic either Hispaniola or Caribbean islands, turnover did correspond gradient. Spanish is available online material.

Language: Английский

---

An observational analysis of Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) foraging and caching ecology in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA

Canadian Journal of Zoology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 133 - 146

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Arctic and subarctic wildlife are among the most vulnerable species to climate change. Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1776)) generalist residents of northern boreal forests scatter-hoard food insulate against scarcity during winter. Unlike scatter-hoarders, however, primarily cache perishable food, rendering their caches more susceptible change induced degradation loss. Here we use a mostly noninvasive approach document Jay foraging ecology population in interior Alaska, USA, including types acquired, caching rates, longevity We also tested for associations between rates with reproductive metrics assess possible relationships productivity. found that have varied diet changed seasonally, responded record-setting warm spring by directing efforts away from recovery towards emergence fresh food. did not find evidence rate output, possibly owing small sample sizes. were recovered quickly (<4 weeks) frequently lost conspecific heterospecific competitors. Our study suggests may be better poised respond changes integrity availability than has been previously recognized.

Language: Английский

---

A dead letter? Urban conservation, management, and planning strategies from the Mexican urban bird literature

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 1107 - 1115

Published: March 25, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Changes in genetic diversity and differentiation in Red‐cockaded woodpeckers (Dryobates borealis) over the past century

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 5420 - 5432

Published: April 8, 2019

Abstract Red‐cockaded woodpeckers (RCW; Dryobates borealis ) declined after human activities reduced their fire‐maintained pine ecosystem to <3% of its historical range in the southeastern United States and degraded remaining habitat. An estimated 1.6 million RCW cooperative breeding groups about 3,500 with no more than 10,000 birds by 1978. Management has increased population abundances since they were at lowest 1990s. However, range‐wide study been undertaken then investigate impacts this massive bottleneck or infer effects conservation management recent demographic recoveries. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) nine nuclear microsatellite loci determine if declines resulted changes genetic structure diversity comparing samples collected before 1970 (mtDNA data only), between 1992 1995 microsatellites), 2010 2014 microsatellites). show that lost as detected a reduction number haplotypes. This was apparent comparisons pre‐1970 mtDNA from 1992–1995 2010–2014 time points, change latter two points analyses. The also revealed increases differentiation, genetically panmictic present throughout pre‐1970s subsequent development remained unchanged Genetic uncovered data, which like showed little sets. Temporal haplotype networks consistent, star‐like phylogeny, suggesting despite overall loss haplotypes, phylogenetically distinct lineages when declined. Our results may suggest during last decades prevented additional losses diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Untangling the positive association of phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity with alien bird species richness

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Abstract Understanding the ecological mechanisms behind biological invasions remains a major focus of conservation biology and ecosystem management. Several hypotheses highlight that different facets native biodiversity affect establishment spread alien species. Here, we approach this question by examining spatiotemporal relationship between bird species richness (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) using breeding atlases for three U.S. states two time periods in each state. We associated richness, functional phylogenetic diversity with generalized least squares models. Our results show that, consistently, across examined, is positively diversity, particularly diversity. The relative importance metrics reflecting or range occupied assemblage seems to advocate favor resource as main driver both secondary similarity, along lack clustering overdispersion, implies if shaped biotic interactions, then interactions facilitating coexistence (including even processes like predator‐mediated coexistence) are far more important than adversarial competition, at scale our analysis. Finally, dominance over ones highlights adaptive potential community accumulated long lineage history may play an additional role source information on evolutionary driving patterns.

Language: Английский

---

Endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow ecology: actions towards recovery through landscape-scale ecosystem restoration

Endangered Species Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 199 - 215

Published: Oct. 11, 2022

Understanding the ecology of endangered taxa and factors affecting their population growth decline is imperative for recovery. In southeastern USA, Everglades wetland ecosystem supports a high diversity species communities, including many endemic imperiled taxa, such as federally Cape Sable seaside sparrow Ammospiza maritima mirabilis (CSSS). The Everglades, once completely connected with slow-moving sheet flow water, now compartmentalized into separated units where water distribution managed year-round. CSSS affected by, at crux of, restoration decisions. faces conservation challenges, limited habitat availability, low numbers, dispersal limitations, constraints on suitable breeding conditions owing to levels. Despite these ecological knowledge numbers in context ongoing ecosystem-level can help inform protection this bird while restoring Everglades. Existing research shows target hydroperiods between 90 210 days, minimum consecutive dry days during season, non-breeding season fires approximately every 5-10 years may aid There are numerous tools models support management CSSS, most recent operations plan indicates potential increased habitat. Here, we provide review decline, actions that

Language: Английский

---