Private rhino conservation: Diverse strategies adopted in response to the poaching crisis

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(6)

Published: June 15, 2020

Abstract Private landowners in South Africa conserve roughly 40% of white rhinos globally. Given concerns that escalating poaching has caused private‐rhino owners to disinvest, we used a national survey assess 171 owners’ responses the crisis. Twenty‐eight percent rhino are disinvesting rhino, 57% pursuing business‐as‐usual (largely ecotourism), and 15% investing more rhinos. It is currently unclear whether this diversity crisis increasing resilience population poaching. Some investors show signs financial stress. Most support rhino‐horn trade fund conservation, yet international remains banned. By contrast, recent policy amendment allows be managed as livestock, risking shift from rhino‐for‐conservation rhino‐for‐production on private land. Our findings highlight an urgent need ensure policies keep pace with dynamic socioeconomic environments influence sustainability wildlife use.

Language: Английский

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Taking stock of wildlife farming: A global perspective

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43, P. e02452 - e02452

Published: April 3, 2023

To meet the global demand for commercial trade of wildlife and derived products, wild animals are captured from populations or farmed. 'Wildlife farming' refers to captive breeding ranching in captivity with intent generate financial profit. Many countries encourage farming capitalize consumer products alongside belief that practises help protect by reducing pressure on number directly wild. However, is associated concerns relating animal welfare, public health biodiversity conservation, case studies demonstrate does not necessarily alleviate populations. The scale farming, hence its impact, currently unknown. Here, we obtained data published literature compile a database farmed during period 2000 – 2020. We also Freedom Information requests small 2021 2022. Our results at least 487 species across world, comprised 27 amphibians, 133 reptiles, 249 birds, 79 mammals. Of these documented species, 34% considered either Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered Critically IUCN Red List Threatened Species, 62% listed Convention International Trade Species Wild Fauna Flora (CITES) Appendices. Data pertaining individuals each was even more difficult determine, but reports between 936,321,047 963,711,547 individual were recorded literature. Commercial operations 90 worldwide. suggest true likely be far higher than compiled our due paucity publicly available information this topic challenges faced obtaining relevant authorities. discuss implications industry, inadequate transparency, relevance their derivatives as products. knowledge first attempt summarise scope farming. hope initial inventory can provide insight into full extent industry impact globally.

Language: Английский

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‘Preventing the next pandemic’ – A 2020 UNEP Frontiers Series Report on zoonotic diseases with reflections for South Africa

South African Journal of Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 116(7/8)

Published: July 26, 2020

Zoonoses account for about 25% of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries Poverty might increase risk zoonotic where active human--livestock and human--wildlife interfaces can likelihood transmission A combined exists people areas such as tropical subtropical Africa, there is co-infection with diseases other pathogenic or diseases, malaria, tuberculosis HIV Many endemic zoonoses remain widely neglected settings, undetected underreported, because their impacts are borne largely by impoverished marginalized communities Here, Wernecke et al discuss how to 'prevent next pandemic' interrogating what known best one break chain

Language: Английский

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Game On! Understanding the Emerging Game Meat Value Chain in South Africa

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Game farming (wildlife ranching is a related term) constitutes an increasingly important land use in rural South Africa.This Guidance Memo traces efforts to formalize and increase the production of game meat sector, following period expansion and, some instances, intensification.We consider industry's intersection with hunting, breeding, ecotourism, processed products, context where growing concerns about biodiversity loss globally are drawing new attention sector.Diverse changes breeding practices, farm conversions investment patterns, hunting norms, emergence community farms through reform resulting increasing populations, even as recent collapse prices economic shut-downs associated COVID-19 have destabilized operations.The industry now at crossroads, when expand value chain gathering momentum possible way forward.We highlight key gaps regulatory framework for reflect on that expanded may raise respect socio-economic development racial transformation, environmental sustainability, human health animal welfare.The culminates six recommendations front-line persons policy makers, intended ensure future developments occur inclusive, sustainable, safe ethical manner.The wild big business Africa.Private (also called wildlife ranching) has steadily over last thirty years, rapid populations.Despite instability prices, sector participants anticipate continuing growth coming decades.South Africa's currently flux.Some farmers employing sophisticated technologies pursuing more intensive models production.International, institutional, individual investors racing capitalize game-related projects, drawn by promise joining returns conservation newly termed 'biodiversity economy.'Intense debates underway around appropriateness certain activities.Marginalized communities part black majority entering into national programs stewardship initiatives.Government departments, civil society organizations, representatives alike asserting while pandemic delivered significant blow industry, Africa far from 'game over.'This guidance memo examines contemporary midst this larger set changes. 1 Those favour argue will build resilience Zebra Photo: Red Charlie (Unsplash)

Language: Английский

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Buffalo Hunting: From a Commodity to a High-Value Game Species

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 431 - 484

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Whether practiced legally or illegally, formally informally, hunting buffalo for meat occurs broadly across African cultures. Nearly all parts are prized in addition to the meat. Buffalo also hunted traditional medicine, social positioning, mystical reasons and retaliation causing damage people crops. The is a major game industry every country, but vary from place place. In South Africa, first income-generating despite being least of important game. Tanzania, trophy fee that lower than other species, top tax-earning because it most among As duly gazetted protected areas, areas contributing internationally global network conservation areas. They more double land area used wildlife sub-Saharan Africa. Acting as buffer zones national parks corridors between parks, last frontier outside parks. where fenced behind fences, subject genetic manipulation enlarge horns produce disease-free herds. While ‘clean buffalo’ widely contributed expanding dedicated beef-exporting ‘augmented remain matter concern long-term taxon. Several non-African countries imposed bans on importing trophies CITES-listed species leading drop market. having two impacts buffalo: (i) although not CITES-listed, collateral victim many abandoned exposed poaching habitat conversion; (ii) unintentionally, lifting value flagship an attempt compensate loss Hence, once commodity game, turning into high-value

Language: Английский

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The shifting philosophy behind the protected area concept and its applicability in the South African context

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

The necessity of increasing biodiversity conservation efforts has been highlighted by planetary boundary research. Through review and critical thinking, this paper aims to highlight inadequacies within historic current environmental ideologies, many which continue entrench flawed trajectories. first part reviews the context in term viewed society, particularly between 1950 present day, revealing an early preservationist purpose that was embedded a larger plunder. It examines differing social, scientific economic dimensions as well certain approaches awareness period, it applies emerging value protected areas. does through lenses divergent including sequential iterations colonialism, neoliberalism, “new conservation”, convivial ecocentrism. By juxtaposing gradual increase with socio-political milestones last 70 years, illustrates why firstly, truly reformist thinking not gained traction secondly, exploitative inherently unsustainable forms environmentalism have endured policy. illuminating these factors, duplicity trajectories is exposed. Contrastingly, some unlikely alliances previously antagonistic socio-environmental ideologies are introduced. second deals how principles being applied (or not) South Africa’s proud history. asserts post-Apartheid transformation sector incomplete, resulting retention both social exploitation With perpetuation inadequate measures stem global (and local) loss, despite its now obvious need, concludes set actionable recommendations general application policy makers, researchers practitioners those African context. urgency addressing transgressed boundary, amidst inertia preventing rectification, provides motivation underpinning paper.

Language: Английский

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Lion Conservation and the Lion Bone Trade in South Africa: On CITES, Shifting Paradigms, “Sustainable Use” and Rehabilitation

The Oriental Anthropologist A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 303 - 314

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

In lion conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on Trade in Endangered Species Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Records Analyses Commerce (TRAFFIC) are considered key United Nations (UN) institutions “science-based decisions” global policy formulation conservation combating wildlife crime. CITES, but probably also TRAFFIC IUCN, still adheres to operates paradigm “sustainable use” animals, based long leading philosophical Cartesian academia that premises humans animals differ kind, do not “feel” have neurological capacities think like us. But this worldview can no longer withstand latest scientific evidence, developments, new insights show how people only degree kind. The concept wildlife, including lions, therefore needs be rethought light paradigm. South Africa, lions includes trade lion’s bones from captive which was legalized 2016. Wildlife Animal Protection Forum Africa (WAPFSA) appealed against trade, rational arguments fit CITES its approach shift where different kind degree. This has led initiatives try suggest possible ways forward a political order matches “new normal.” Probably most developed context is “zoopolis,” explored article. four “vulnerabilities” were all found relevant fighting crime Africa.

Language: Английский

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Is climate change a concern for the ownership of game within fenced wildlife areas?

Koedoe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(1)

Published: July 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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African Buffalo Production Systems

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 355 - 381

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Prior to colonization, humans always used African buffalo for meat and other products. The arrival of imperial powers marked the beginning more extensive hunting, reducing populations in large areas Africa. Buffalo production systems exist today along a gradient ranging from (natural habitat) semi-extensive (game ranches) intensive farms) systems. These rely on four sustainable uses: breeding, non-consumptive tourism, consumptive tourism Private ownership agro-sustainable biodiversity game ranching with has recently expanded southern Africa, especially South where it represents an productive land use.

Language: Английский

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