The synthetic food dye, Red 40, causes DNA damage, causes colonic inflammation, and impacts the microbiome in mice

Toxicology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 221 - 232

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among young people has been on the rise for past four decades and its underlying causes are only just starting to be uncovered. Recent studies suggest that consuming ultra-processed foods pro-inflammatory diets may contributing factors. increase in use synthetic food colors such over 40 years, including common dye Allura Red AC (Red 40), coincides with early-onset (EOCRC). As these particularly appealing children, there is a growing concern about impact dyes development CRC. Our study aimed investigate effects DNA damage, microbiome, colonic inflammation. Despite lack prior research, high levels human exposure containing highlight urgency exploring this issue. results show damages both vitro vivo consumption presence high-fat diet 10 months leads dysbiosis low-grade inflammation mice. This evidence supports hypothesis dangerous compound dysregulates key players involved EOCRC.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cancer: A Review, With Special Focus on Colorectal Neoplasia and Clostridioides difficile

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(Supplement_6), P. S471 - S478

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract The gut microbiome has coevolved with humans to aid in physiologic functions and prevent disease. An increasing prevalence of dysbiosis modern society exists strong linkages multiple disease processes common the developed world. Mechanisms for microbiome-human interactions that impact host homeostasis include bacterial metabolite/toxin production, biofilm formation mucous layer infiltration, immune system modulation. Most this crosstalk occurs at epithelial gut, as such role these induction colorectal cancer—a highly prevalent globally one undergoing significant epidemiologic shifts—is under scrutiny. Although individual bacteria have been hypothesized possible driver organisms oncogenic process, no bacterium definitively identified a causal agent cancer, suggesting lifestyle factors, community interactions, mucosal and/or systemic response may play critical process. Recent evidence emerged implicating ubiquitous human pathogen Clostridioides difficile promoter cancer through chronic toxin-mediated cellular changes. much remains be defined regarding natural history infections caused by its potential oncogenesis, it provides model both microbial whole development cancer.

Language: Английский

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A Review Article: The Relationship Between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

Current Diabetes Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review This article aims to review the recent literature assessing relationship between obesity and colorectal carcinogenesis, effect on treatment cancer (CRC), tools available help augment increased risk, outcomes for patients who are affected by both cancer. Recent Findings The biochemical mechanisms contributing CRC carcinogenesis not well understood but suspected be related adipose tissue leading a pro-inflammatory state changes in gut microbiome. Individuals with at higher risk development, worse oncologic outcomes, rates post-operative complications. Bariatric surgery decreases results GLP-1 agonists heterogeneous. Prehabilitation is only weight loss method that has been demonstrated decrease risks morbidity this population. Summary Obesity augments outcomes. There persistent knowledge gaps etiology epidemiology obese more research required identify therapeutic advantage risk.

Language: Английский

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Clinical and demographic analysis of patients with colorectal cancer screened at a reference hospital in Southern Brazil: comparative study based on age (Retrospective cohort study)

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy. This study examines differences in clinical prognostic characteristics of CRC between patients under 50 years those aged above, treated at reference hospital Southern Brazil. A retrospective cohort was conducted, analyzing data from the Cancer Hospital Registry Porto Alegre, RS. Patients diagnosed with colon or rectal adenocarcinoma January 2013 December 2017 were included. Variables analyzed included family history, alcoholism, smoking status, staging, tumor laterality, presentation, CEA levels diagnosis, adjuvant chemotherapy, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The 1,121 patients, 85% older, 15% younger than years. Significant observed status presenting higher prevalence obstruction/subocclusion which may reflect presentation due to delayed diagnosis. Age lifestyle factors, particularly smoking, significantly influenced management colorectal cancer. These findings underscore importance targeted prevention strategies personalized treatment approaches for patients.

Language: Английский

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Geographic and age-related variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer incidence rates vary geographically and have changed over time. Notably, in the past two decades, of early-onset colorectal cancer, affecting individuals under age 50 years, has doubled many countries. The reasons for this increase are unknown. Here, we investigate whether mutational processes contribute to geographic age-related differences by examining 981 genomes from 11 No major were found microsatellite unstable cancers, but variations mutation burden signatures observed 802 microsatellite-stable cases. Multiple signatures, most with unknown etiologies, exhibited varying prevalence Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Russia, Thailand, indicating diverse levels mutagenic exposure. Signatures SBS88 ID18, caused bacteria-produced mutagen colibactin, had higher loads countries rates. ID18 also enriched being 3.3 times more common diagnosed before 40 than those 70, imprinted early during development. Colibactin exposure was further linked APC driver mutations, responsible about 25% indels colibactin-positive This study reveals processes, suggests that early-life colibactin-producing bacteria may rising cancer.

Language: Английский

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Demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq

Human Antibodies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 89 - 98

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

BACKGROUND: World-wide Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common with one million new cases a year. Historically, higher incidence of this disease has been recorded among elderly in western countries, but it increasing developing countries and younger age groups. AIM: This study aims to find whether CRC progressively affecting groups known as early onset (< 50 years). In addition, describes pathological characteristics cases. METHOD: The retrospective cross-sectional. It was conducted over period five months from October 1st 2019 till March 2020. Data were drawn patients their medical records at Kirkuk Oncology Centre (KOC) IRAQI National CANCER REGISTRY (INCR) thirteen years 2006 2018. basic data we obtained for each patient include sex, age, stage, grade diagnosis mode presentation. RESULTS: Initial population included 654 both genders all ages. occurred < 5.5/100,000 per year which accounted 8% total malignancies (2006–2018). divided into two groups; an years) group late (⩾ group. final provided enough 238 (2014–2018) range 20–91 mean 54.4 years. males ∼54% while ∼46% females. under (early CRC) ∼41% (no 98) those who are older (late onset) stood 59% 140). There no statistical differences between regarding grade, or presenting symptom. CONCLUSION: onsets young similar cancer. Accordingly, even mild lower gastrointestinal symptoms should be taken seriously. points toward awareness on importance colorectal Also, conducting more surveillance studies investigations would recommended detections populations.

Language: Английский

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The survival prediction of advanced colorectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy—a study of SEER database

World Journal of Surgical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 1, 2024

The aim of study was to screen factors associated with the overall survival colorectal cancer patients lymph nodes metastasis who received neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram model.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity of Panax and Its Active Components, Ginsenosides: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2593 - 2593

Published: March 13, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health burden worldwide and necessitates novel treatment approaches with fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy. Many natural compounds have been tested as possible treatments. Plants in the genus Panax widely studied due to their therapeutic potential for various diseases such inflammatory disorders cancers. Extracts from plants of activate upstream signals, including those related autophagy generation reactive oxygen species, induce intrinsic apoptosis CRC cells. The root extract notoginseng (P. notoginseng) regulated gut microbiota enhance T-cell-induced immune response against CRC. Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides, especially Rh2, Rg3, Rb1, Rb2, significantly reduced proliferation cells tumor size xenograft mouse model, well targeting programmed death (PD)-1 block checkpoint Moreover, modified nanocarriers ginsenosides upregulated drug efficacy, showing that can also be utilized carriers. An increasing body studies has demonstrated curing Ginsenosides are promising active Panax, which support activity therapies.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Prognostic Accuracy in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Second Primary Malignancies: A Critical Perspective

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 15, 2025

All data referenced in this letter are publicly available the original publication and cited sources. No new was generated or analyzed preparation of letter.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Molecular Pathways of Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Focus on Genetic, RNA, and Biological Technique

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 155956 - 155956

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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