Detection of illegal wells using advanced GIS analysis through Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 image fusion in Bastam, Iran DOI Creative Commons

Ardeshir Sassani,

Behnaz Bigdeli, Seyed Fazlolah Saghravani

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Identifying unauthorized agricultural wells is a critical issue for the sustainable management of water resources. Unregulated groundwater extraction through illegal has resulted in significant environmental challenges, including declining tables and ecosystem degradation. This study was conducted Bastam region Shahroud, Iran, utilizing satellite imagery spatial analysis techniques to address this issue. Satellite images from Landsat 8 Sentinel-2 were fused using ENVI software, with focus on preprocessing image integration. Subsequently, analyses, proximity density evaluations, performed ArcMap examine distribution wells. Three methods compared: The weighted sum method, kernel estimation (KDE) combined Euclidean distance, hybrid approach integrating both techniques. Through technical evaluations correlation scatter plot analysis, method identified as most effective solution. final output generated probability map depicting likelihood wells, represented by color gradient green red. Green areas indicated lower probabilities while red zones highlighted regions higher risk. validated resampling methods, confirming its potential reliable tool identifying within area.

Language: Английский

Detection of illegal wells using advanced GIS analysis through Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 image fusion in Bastam, Iran DOI Creative Commons

Ardeshir Sassani,

Behnaz Bigdeli, Seyed Fazlolah Saghravani

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Identifying unauthorized agricultural wells is a critical issue for the sustainable management of water resources. Unregulated groundwater extraction through illegal has resulted in significant environmental challenges, including declining tables and ecosystem degradation. This study was conducted Bastam region Shahroud, Iran, utilizing satellite imagery spatial analysis techniques to address this issue. Satellite images from Landsat 8 Sentinel-2 were fused using ENVI software, with focus on preprocessing image integration. Subsequently, analyses, proximity density evaluations, performed ArcMap examine distribution wells. Three methods compared: The weighted sum method, kernel estimation (KDE) combined Euclidean distance, hybrid approach integrating both techniques. Through technical evaluations correlation scatter plot analysis, method identified as most effective solution. final output generated probability map depicting likelihood wells, represented by color gradient green red. Green areas indicated lower probabilities while red zones highlighted regions higher risk. validated resampling methods, confirming its potential reliable tool identifying within area.

Language: Английский

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