Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders

Gut, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(6), P. 1174 - 1182

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is crucial actor that can interact with the host by production of diverse reservoir metabolites, from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous compounds. are associated alterations in composition and function microbiota. Specific classes microbiota-derived notably bile acids, short-chain fatty branched-chain amino trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan indole derivatives, have been implicated pathogenesis metabolic disorders. This review aims define key metabolites altered diseases role pathogenesis. They potential biomarkers for early diagnosis prognosis as well promising targets development novel therapeutic tools

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1107 - 1107

Published: April 16, 2020

The relationship between diet and the diversity function of intestinal microbiome its importance for human health is currently subject many studies. type proportion microorganisms found in intestines can determine energy balance host. Intestinal perform important functions, one which participation metabolic processes, e.g., production short-chain fatty acids—SCFAs (also called volatile acids). These acids represent main carbon flow from to host microbiome. Maintaining necessary maintain host's normal prevent diseases. results studies confirm beneficial effect probiotic on produced metabolites, including SCFAs. aim this review summarize what known effects probiotics by gut microbes. In addition, mechanism formation properties these metabolites discussed verified test confirming effectiveness nutrition modulating SCFAs presented.

Language: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD?

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 103293 - 103293

Published: April 1, 2021

The gut microbiome and the intestinal immune system are driving contributors to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both have an important signalling factor in common: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs (acetate, propionate butyrate) produced by bacterial fermentation exert several effects on host metabolism system. This review provides overview of current knowledge these effects, with specific focus energy metabolism, barrier, system, disease activity IBD. To conclude, more research is needed cross-feeding mechanisms microbiome, as well therapeutic potential different models. Also randomized controlled trials prospective cohort studies should investigate clinical impact SCFA administration.

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in immunity, inflammation and metabolism

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 1 - 12

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are carboxylic with carbon atom numbers less than 6, which important metabolites of gut microbiome. Existing research shows that SCFAs play a vital role in the health and disease host. First, key energy source for colon ileum cells, affect intestinal epithelial barrier defense functions by regulating related gene expression. Second, regulate function innate immune cells to participate system, such as macrophages, neutrophils dendritic cells. Third, can also differentiation T B antigen-specific adaptive immunity mediated them. Besides, raw materials sugar lipid synthesis, provides theoretical basis studying potential homeostasis metabolism. There studies showing inhibit tumor cell proliferation promote apoptosis. In this article, we summarized detail immunity, inflammation metabolism, briefly introduced survival. It systematic study drugs human health.

Language: Английский

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High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3164 - 3164

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it involved in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial functional maturation immune system. Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy high consumption fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, prolonged postprandial state. term WD commonly known intuitively understood. However, strict digital expression nutrient ratios not precisely defined. Based on US data 1908–1989, calory intake available fats increased 32% to 45%. Besides metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system renin-angiotensin overstimulation, oxidative stress), consequences excessive fat (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, dysfunction, permeability, leakage toxic bacterial metabolites into circulation. These can strongly contribute development low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis HFD-related inflammation, presents pathomechanisms these phenomena, examines possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status changes.

Language: Английский

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Depicting SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19

Gut, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 322294

Published: July 20, 2020

Objective Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in faeces of patients with COVID-19, the activity and infectivity virus GI tract during disease course is largely unknown. We investigated temporal transcriptional SARS-CoV-2 its association longitudinal faecal microbiome alterations COVID-19. Design performed shotgun metagenomics sequencing on serial viral extractions from 15 hospitalised Sequencing coverage genome quantified. assessed composition functionality signatures infectivity. Results Seven (46.7%) COVID-19 had stool positivity for by metagenomic sequencing. Even absence manifestations, all seven showed strikingly higher (p=0.0261) density (p=0.0094) 3’ vs 5’ end their metagenome profile. Faecal three continued to display active infection signature (higher coverage) up 6 days after clearance samples. samples high abundances bacterial species Collinsella aerofaciens , tanakaei Streptococcus infantis Morganella morganii functional capacity nucleotide de novo biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis glycolysis, whereas low-to-none short-chain fatty producing bacteria, Parabacteroides merdae Bacteroides stercoris Alistipes onderdonkii Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_1_57FAA . Conclusion This pilot study provides evidence prolonged ‘quiescent’ even manifestations recovery SARS-CoV-2. Gut microbiota characterised enrichment opportunistic pathogens, loss salutary bacteria increased carbohydrate metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in cancer development and prevention

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 111619 - 111619

Published: April 24, 2021

Following cancer, cells in a particular tissue can no longer respond to the factors involved controlling cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and death. In recent years, it has been indicated that alterations gut microbiota components, intestinal epithelium, host immune system are associated with cancer incidence. Also, demonstrated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by vitally crucial homeostasis as they contribute modulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs), resulting effected attachment, immigration, cytokine production, chemotaxis, programmed Therefore, manipulation SCFA levels tract structure be potentially taken into consideration for treatment/prevention. current study, we will explain most findings on detrimental or protective roles SFCA (particularly butyrate, propionate, acetate) several cancers, including bladder, colon, breast, stomach, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate cancers.

Language: Английский

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Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 793 - 793

Published: March 2, 2023

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to regulation of host immune response homeostasis. Alterations have been found in many immune-related diseases. metabolites generated by specific microorganisms such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) bile acid (BA) metabolites, not only affect genetic epigenetic but also impact metabolism cells, immunosuppressive inflammatory cells. cells (such tolerogenic macrophages (tMacs), dendritic (tDCs), myeloid-derived suppressive (MDSCs), regulatory T (Tregs), B (Breg) innate lymphocytes (ILCs)) Macs (iMacs), DCs, CD4 helper (Th)1, CD4Th2, Th17, natural killer (NK) NK neutrophils) express different receptors for SCFAs, Trp BA from microorganisms. Activation these promotes differentiation function inhibits causing reprogramming local systemic system maintain homeostasis individuals. We here will summarize recent advances understanding effects on homeostasis, especially functions

Language: Английский

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How do intestinal probiotics restore the intestinal barrier?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 14, 2022

The intestinal barrier is a structure that prevents harmful substances, such as bacteria and endotoxins, from penetrating the wall entering human tissues, organs, microcirculation. It can separate colonizing microbes systemic tissues prevent invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Pathological conditions shock, trauma, stress, inflammation damage to varying degrees, aggravating primary disease. Intestinal probiotics are type active microorganisms beneficial health host an essential element health. Reportedly, affect renewal epithelial cells, also make cell connections closer, increase production tight junction proteins mucins, promote development immune system, regulate release antimicrobial peptides, compete with for nutrients living space, interact commensal flora restore barrier. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview how new ideas treating injury-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Biological Function of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Its Regulation on Intestinal Health of Poultry

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites generated by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber (DF) in the hindgut. SCFAs mainly composed acetate, propionate and butyrate. Many studies have shown that play a significant role regulation intestinal health poultry. primarily absorbed from intestine used enterocytes as key substrate for energy production. can also inhibit invasion colonization pathogens lowering pH. Additionally, butyrate inhibits expression nitric oxide synthase (

Language: Английский

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