The role of gastrodin in the management of CNS‐related diseases: Underlying mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(11), P. 5107 - 5133

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS)‐related diseases have a high mortality rate, are serious threat to physical and mental health, always been an important area of research. Gastrodin, the main active metabolite Gastrodia elata Blume, used in Chinese medicine food, has wide range pharmacological effects, mostly related CNS disorders. This review aims systematically summarize discuss effects underlying mechanisms gastrodin treatment diseases, assess its potential for further development as lead drug both biomedicine traditional medicine. Studies on indicate that it may exert anti‐neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular protective, ameliorative diabetic encephalopathy, perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, Tourette's syndrome, depression anxiety, sleep disorders through various mechanisms. To date, 110 products approved clinical use, but multicenter case–control studies relatively scarce. Preclinical confirmed can be treat CNS‐related However, concerns need addressed context likely non‐specific, assay interfering when is studied using vitro silico approaches, calling systematic assessment evidence date. High‐quality trials should priority evaluate therapeutic safety efficacy gastrodin. Further experimental research appropriate vivo models also needed, focusing neurodegenerative cerebral ischemic hypoxic brain damage caused by methamphetamine or heavy metals, epilepsy.

Language: Английский

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Gastrodin Ameliorates Tau Pathology and BBB Dysfunction in 3xTg‐AD Transgenic Mice by Regulating the ADRA1/NF‐κB/NLRP3 Pathway to Reduce Neuroinflammation

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and aim: Gastrodin, an active compound derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia, demonstrates a variety of pharmacological effects, particularly in enhancement neural functions. Thus, aim this study is to explore therapeutic effects gastrodin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) its underlying molecular mechanisms. Experimental procedure: Cognitive function was assessed via Morris water maze Y‐maze tests. Tau pathology, neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction were analyzed using various techniques, including Western blot, immunohistochemistry, ELISA. ADRA1 overexpression induced by lentiviral infection, gastrodin's impact NF‐κB p65, NLRP3, IL‐1β, IL‐18 levels evaluated. Key results: In vivo experiment, enhanced learning spatial memory 3xTg‐AD mice, as well reducing p‐Tau protein expression hippocampus cortex. Gastrodin inhibited ADRA1/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway, which decreased glial cell activation inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β IL‐18, improving neuron function. vitro NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway due prevented Aβ 42 ‐induced increase SH‐SY5Y cells. It also reduced cytokine release, restoring tight junction bEnd.3 Conclusions implications: ameliorates abilities alleviating neuroinflammation tau structure neurons BBB, suggesting that may serve effective drug for treatment AD.

Language: Английский

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Gastrodin Alleviates Tau Pathology by Targeting the Alzheimer's Risk Gene FERMT2, Reversing the Reduction in Brain Viscoelasticity

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incompletely elucidated, and there is a notable deficiency in effective safe therapeutic interventions. influence brain matrix viscoelasticity on the progression AD has frequently been underestimated. It imperative to elucidate these overlooked pathogenic factors innovate novel strategies for AD. Gastrodin, bioactive constituent derived from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata, exhibits range pharmacological properties, notably enhancement neural function. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms its action remain insufficiently elucidated. Consequently, this study seeks examine effects gastrodin context AD, with particular emphasis potential viscoelastic properties matrix. This employs methodologies, including Morris water maze test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation atomic force microscopy (AFM), immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, molecular docking, Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA), demonstrate that mitigates tau pathology by modulating FERMT2, thereby reversing deterioration mechanical brain. Gastrodin administration via gavage demonstrated mitigate cognitive decline associated attenuate hyperphosphorylation protein hippocampus cortex, ameliorate synaptic damage. Additionally, was observed counteract reduction 3xTg-AD mice, as evidenced upregulation extracellular components pertinent viscoelasticity, collagen types I IV. Furthermore, docking CETSA revealed strong binding affinity between FERMT2. treatment resulted FERMT2 fluorescence intensity, which selectively expressed astrocytes. contributed restoration blood-brain barrier (BBB) modulated expression levels inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), metallopeptidase 8 (MMP8). pathology, enhancing learning memory mouse models. effect may be mediated through modulation cerebral mechanosensor facilitates structure process potentially linked maintenance BBB integrity factor release.

Language: Английский

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The Pharmacological Effects of Gastrodin and the Progress in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(03), P. 803 - 831

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional medicinal herb primarily used in Asian countries such as China, has long been valued for treating headaches, dizziness, spasms, epilepsy, strokes, forgetfulness, and other ailments. Gastrodin, glycoside analog major bioactive component of garnered significant scientific attention owing to its extensive pharmacological effects. It is commonly obtained through plant extraction, chemical synthesis, biosynthesis. Gastrodin exhibits remarkable modulatory effects on the central nervous system (CNS), with promising applications neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease (PD) Alzheimer’s (AD), affective cognitive disorders. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics (PK) gastrodin extensively reviewed. As small molecule drug, this study focused efficiency molecular mechanisms CNS disorders, aiming elucidate interactions targets. This provides valuable insights development addresses drawbacks unclear Chinese medicine.

Language: Английский

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A New Frontier in Phytotherapy: Harnessing the Therapeutic Power of Medicinal Herb-derived miRNAs

Current Pharmaceutical Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(38), P. 3009 - 3017

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

: Medicinal herbs have been utilized in the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including neoplasms, organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus. However, precise pharmacological actions plant miRNAs animals remain to be fully elucidated, particularly terms their therapeutic efficacy mechanism action. In this review, some important from foods medicinal are presented. Plant exhibit a range properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory effects, neuromodulation, among others. These results not only demonstrated cross-species regulatory effect, but also suggested that bioactive components. This shows promising prospect for used drugs. Here, properties underlying mechanisms highlighted, which can provide new insights clarifying suggest way developing

Language: Английский

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Combined administration of catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol modulates the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviates microglia inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, with no effective treatment currently available. In recent decades, various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their active ingredients have shown the potential to attenuate pathogenesis AD in cellular animal models. However, effects TCM formulas, which are typically administered practice, been less studied. This study aims investigate therapeutic several formulas consisting 4 components herbal components: catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, borneol, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced models cells rats. The new object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EMP), Morris water (MWM) tests were used evaluate cognitive functions Golgi staining, Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) Nissl staining analyses employed assess physiology hippocampal tissues. Gene expression profiles analyzed transcriptomics reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, while protein levels determined using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence. production cytokines was evaluated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. results demonstrated that combined administration these (CPGB) had superior mitigating cell model, as evidenced by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine decreased deposition Aβ protein. Further

Language: Английский

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