Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth

Science, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 333(6040), P. 301 - 306

Published: July 14, 2011

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about role top-down forcing but also highlights unanticipated impacts trophic cascades processes diverse dynamics disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize urgent need interdisciplinary to forecast downgrading process, function, resilience global ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Conservation Value of Non-Native Species

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 428 - 437

Published: Feb. 22, 2011

Abstract: Non-native species can cause the loss of biological diversity (i.e., genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity) threaten well-being humans when they become invasive. In some cases, however, also provide conservation benefits. We examined ways in which non-native currently contribute to objectives. These include, for example, providing habitat or food resources rare serving as functional substitutes extinct taxa, desirable functions. speculate that might achieving goals future because may be more likely than native persist services areas where climate land use are changing rapidly evolve into new endemic taxa. The management their potential integration plans depends on how set future. A fraction will continue economic damage, substantial uncertainty surrounds effects all species. Nevertheless, we predict proportion viewed benign even slowly increase over time contributions society objectives well recognized realized. Resumen: Las especies exóticas pueden causar la pérdida de diversidad biológica (i. e., genética, y ecosistemas) amenazar el bienestar humanos cuando se vuelven invasoras. Sin embargo, en algunos casos también proporcionar beneficios conservación. Examinamos las formas que contribuyen actualmente a objetivos Estos incluyen, por ejemplo, hábitat o recursos alimenticios para raras, fungir como sustitutos funcionales taxa extintos funciones ecosistémicas deseables. Especulamos contribuir lograr metas conservación futuro porque su probabilidad persistir servicios ecosistémicos es mayor nativas áreas donde clima uso suelos están cambiando rápidamente evolucionar hacia nuevos endémicos. El manejo potencial integración planes depende cómo definen futuro. Una fracción continuará causando daños biológicos económicos, una considerable incertidumbre rodea los futuros efectos potenciales todas exóticas. pronosticamos proporción son vistas benignas aun deseables incrementará lentamente con tiempo medida sus contribuciones sociedad al logro sean bien reconocidas entendidas.

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Eight questions about invasions and ecosystem functioning

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1199 - 1210

Published: June 14, 2012

Abstract I pose eight questions central to understanding how biological invasions affect ecosystems, assess progress towards answering those and suggest ways in which might be made. The concern the frequency with ecosystems; circumstances under ecosystem change is most likely; functions that are often affected by invaders; relationships between changes communities, populations; long‐term responses of ecosystems invasions; interactions other anthropogenic activities difficulty managing undesirable impacts non‐native species. Some have been answered satisfactorily, others require more data thought, benefit from being reformulated or abandoned. Actions speed include careful development trait‐based approaches; strategic collection publication new data, including frequent negative results; replacement expert opinion hard where needed; consideration whether really need answered, especially cases answers provided for managers policy‐makers; explicit attention testing domains theories; integrating better into an context; remembering our predictive ability limited will remain so foreseeable future.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Invasive Species on Food Webs

Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 60

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Invasive bivalves in fresh waters: impacts from individuals to ecosystems and possible control strategies

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 735(1), P. 233 - 251

Published: Jan. 21, 2013

Language: Английский

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Evosystem services: an evolutionary perspective on the links between biodiversity and human well-being

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 2(1-2), P. 66 - 74

Published: May 1, 2010

Language: Английский

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Controls on pathogen species richness in plants’ introduced and native ranges: roles of residence time, range size and host traits

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1525 - 1535

Published: Oct. 25, 2010

Introduced species escape many pathogens and other enemies, raising three questions. How quickly do introduced hosts accumulate pathogen species? What factors control richness? Are these the same in hosts' native ranges? We analysed fungal viral richness on 124 plant both their European range North American range. Hosts 400 years ago supported six times more than those 40 ago. In range, was greater occurring habitat types, with a history of agricultural use adapted to resource supplies. correlated host geographic size, time since introduction, but not any measured biological traits. have accumulated at rates that are slow relative most ecological processes, contingent historic circumstance.

Language: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary experience in novel species interactions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 236 - 245

Published: Jan. 27, 2015

Abstract A better understanding of how ecological novelty influences interactions in new combinations species is key for predicting interaction outcomes, and can help focus conservation management efforts on preventing the introduction novel organisms or (including invasive species, GMO s, synthetic organisms, resurrected emerging pathogens) that seem particularly ‘risky’ resident species. Here, we consider implications different degrees eco‐evolutionary experience interacting non‐resident define four qualitative risk categories estimating probability successful establishment impact discuss effects change over time. Focusing then predator–prey interactions, argue entails density‐dependent advantages with their largest often being at low prey densities. This illustrated by a comparison predator functional responses predation curves between ecologically similar raises important issues endangered

Language: Английский

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People, pollution and pathogens – Global change impacts in mountain freshwater ecosystems

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 622-623, P. 756 - 763

Published: Dec. 13, 2017

Language: Английский

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Conciliation biology: the eco‐evolutionary management of permanently invaded biotic systems

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 184 - 199

Published: Feb. 17, 2011

Abstract Biotic invaders and similar anthropogenic novelties such as domesticates, transgenics, cancers can alter ecology evolution in environmental, agricultural, natural resource, public health, medical systems. The resulting biological changes may either hinder or serve management objectives. For example, control eradication programs are often defeated by unanticipated resistance irreversibility of invader impacts. Moreover, be ill‐advised when nonnatives introduce beneficial functions. Thus, contexts that appear to call for instead demand managed coexistence natives with nonnatives, yet applied biologists have not generally considered the need manage eco‐evolutionary dynamics commonly result from interactions nonnatives. Here, I advocate a conciliatory approach managing systems where novel organisms cannot should eradicated. Conciliatory strategies incorporate benefits address many practical needs including slowing rates evolution, promoting indigenous control, cultivating replacement services functions, native–nonnative coevolution. Evolutionary links across disciplines foster cohesion essential broad impacts biotic Rather than signaling defeat, conciliation biology thus utilizes predictive power evolutionary theory offer diverse flexible pathways more sustainable outcomes.

Language: Английский

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