Integrons in the Age of Antibiotic Resistance: Evolution, Mechanisms, and Environmental Implications: A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2579 - 2579

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Integrons, which are genetic components commonly found in bacteria, possess the remarkable capacity to capture gene cassettes, incorporate them into their structure, and thereby contribute an increase genomic complexity phenotypic diversity. This adaptive mechanism allows integrons play a significant role acquiring, expressing, spreading antibiotic resistance genes modern age. To assess current challenges posed by integrons, it is necessary have thorough understanding of characteristics. review aims elucidate structure evolutionary history highlighting how use antibiotics has led preferential selection various environments. Additionally, explores involvement dissemination across diverse settings, while considering potential transmission factors routes. delves arrangement cassettes within ability rearrange, mechanisms governing expression, process excision. Furthermore, this study examines presence clinically relevant wide range environmental sources, shedding light on anthropogenic influences propagation environment.

Language: Английский

Novel Insights on Extracellular Electron Transfer Networks in the Desulfovibrionaceae Family: Unveiling the Potential Significance of Horizontal Gene Transfer

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1796 - 1796

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Some sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), mainly belonging to the Desulfovibrionaceae family, have evolved capability conserve energy through microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET), suggesting that this process may be more widespread than previously believed. While previous evidence has shown mobile genetic elements drive plasticity and evolution of SRB iron-reducing (FeRB), few investigated shared molecular mechanisms related EET. To address this, we analyzed prevalence abundance EET how they contributed their differentiation among 42 members family 23 59 Geobacteraceae Shewanellaceae, respectively. Proteins involved in EET, such as cytochromes PpcA CymA, outer membrane protein OmpJ, iron–sulfur cluster-binding CbcT, exhibited distribution within Desulfovibrionaceae. these showed modular diversification. Additional revealed horizontal gene was acquiring losing critical genes, increasing diversification between three families. The results suggest specific genes were widely disseminated transfer, where some changes reflected environmental adaptations. These findings enhance our comprehension proteins processes, shedding light on role iron sulfur biogeochemical cycling.

Language: Английский

Novel Mobile Integrons and Strain-Specific Integrase Genes within <em>Shewanella</em> spp. Unveil Multiple Lateral Genetic Transfer Events within the Genus

Published: April 19, 2022

Shewanella spp. are gram-negative bacteria that thrive in aquatic niches and also cause infectious diseases as opportunistic pathogens. Chromosomal integrons (CI) mobile (MI) were previously described some isolates. Here, we evaluated the occurrence of integrase genes, integron systems their genetic surroundings genus. We identified 22 gene types, 17 which newly described, different species, evidencing multiple gain loss events. Phylogenetic analysis showed most them strain-specific, except for algae, seem to have co-evolve within host typical CIs. Noteworthy, co-existence up 5 well wide dissemination Alteromonadales, Vibronales, Chromatiales, Oceanospirillales Enterobacterales was observed. Identification novel MIs suggests lateral transfer may occurred resembling behavior class 1 integrons. The constant emergence determinants associated antimicrobial resistance worldwide, concomitantly with strains capable harbor several types be an alarming threat recruitment cassettes genus Shewanella, its evolution towards multidrug resistance.

Language: Английский