Advances in Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Tolerance Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract: A multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors do harm to plants by bringing about diseases inhibiting normal growth development. As an omnipotent signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) plays crucial roles in plants' tolerance responses both stresses, thereby maintaining plants’ improving yields under stresses. In view this, this paper mainly discusses the role SA stresses plants. regulates expression genes involved defense pathways, thus enhancing immunity. addition, mitigates negative effects acts as a molecule induce stress-responsive synthesis stress-related proteins. also improves certain yield-related photosynthetic indexes, crop yield On other hand, with molecules regulating tolerances This reviews recent advances SA’s plant tolerances, so provide theoretical references for further studies concerning decryption molecular mechanisms improvement management

Language: Английский

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Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3978 - 3978

Published: April 3, 2024

Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and regulation diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has major function protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, thorough comprehension how plants regulate S nutrition particularly involvement phytohormones this process remains elusive. Phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk modulate growth developmental programs multifactorial manner. availability regulates development through molecular mechanisms intertwined phytohormone Conversely, many influence or alter metabolism within interconnected is closely associated such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroids (BR), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), gibberellic (GA), jasmonic (JA), salicylic (SA), strigolactones (SL). This review provides summary research concerning impact on and, conversely, affects hormonal signaling. Although numerous details are yet be fully understood, several core components have been identified at crossroads phytohormonal

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Increase of Winter Wheat Frost Resistance Under Tebuconazole Treatment at Early Stage of Growth: Role of Hormone- and Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Signaling Pathways

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 314 - 314

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives, including tebuconazole, have been reported to show positive physiological effects in cereals apart from fungicidal activity and increase plants’ tolerance against temperature stress. This study investigates the mechanisms of increasing frost resistance etiolated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., “Irkutskaya” variety) seedlings by tebuconazole-based seed dresser “Bunker” (1.5 μL g−1 seeds) tebuconazole (30 μg seeds). To identify ABA-dependent ABA-independent pathways resistance, we used fluridone (FLD, 5 mg L−1), an inhibitor endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. FLD effectively inhibited accumulation carotenoids shoots prevented formation caused tebuconazole. In non-hardened seedlings, stimulated coleoptile first leaf growth, but did not suppress growth inhibitory hardened reduced retarding effect Regardless seedling age, temperature, protectant treatment, had no on sugar content shoots. essentially influence induced cold-hardened seedlings. Fluridone increased H2O2 guaiacol peroxidase under control conditions (both with without tebuconazole) during cold hardening (in seeds treated tebuconazole). ABA levels alone, or a combination two were three times lower than untreated Changes indole-3-acetic salicylic acids response treatment indicate complex interactions signaling cellular systems. Our results suggest that activates more strongly enhancing resistance. The potential action plant cells are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Lysine Malonylation in Response to Salicylic Acid in the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1392 - 1392

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Salicylic acid, as a plant hormone, significantly affects the physiological and biochemical indexes of soluble sugar, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in Platycodon grandiflorus. Lysine malonylation is post-translational modification that involves various cellular functions plants, though it rarely studied, especially medicinal plants. In this study, aim was to perform comparative quantitative proteomic study on P. grandiflorus root proteins after salicylic acid treatment using Western blot with specific antibodies, affinity enrichment LC-MS/MS analysis methods. The identified 1907 malonyl sites for 809 proteins, 414 798 quantified high confidence. Post-treatment, 361 were upregulated, 310 downregulated. Bioinformatics revealed primarily involved photosynthesis carbon metabolism. Physiological showed increased levels, protein, dismutase, peroxidase but did not affect total saponins content These findings provide an important basis exploring molecular mechanisms following enhance understanding biological function protein lysine

Language: Английский

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Circadian-Mediated Regulation of Growth, Chloroplast Proteome, Targeted Metabolomics and Gene Regulatory Network in Spinacia oleracea Under Drought Stress

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 522 - 522

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

The paramount objectives of this study were to analyze the beneficial role circadian clock in alleviating drought stress an essential green leafy horticultural crop, spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and attain knowledge on drought-stress adaptation for crop productivity. From dawn dusk, a core oscillator-based defense mechanism was noticed relation strength chloroplast proteome transcriptome, hormone fused it along with molecular physiology using genotypes “Malav Jyoti” “Delhi Green”. A photo-periodic rhythmicity containing 4 h time interval (morning–evening loop) 12 exhibited under drought-stressed (day-5) re-irrigated (day-10) conditions. oscillator controlled 70% major part growth physiological measures such as biomass, plant height, leaf-relative water content, shoot–root ratio stress. Contrarily, resulted upregulation antioxidative activities markers, whereas diversified maintained case state at certain rhythmic intervals clock. parameters we examined, net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, enzymes, by showing 80–90% improvements found plants when they re-watered after based their oscillations. Based results, 10 a.m. 2 p.m. disclosed be times controlling Moreover, extensive gene expression analysis clock-based genes (CCA1, LHY, TOC1, PRR3, PRR5, PRR7, PRR9, RVE8) drought-responsive (DREB1, DREB2, PIP1) depicted necessity Hence, findings our allowed intense understanding rhythms terms morning–evening loop, which is line survival rate occurs altering cellular ROS-scavenging mechanisms, protein profiles, regulation, metabolite concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomic Analysis of the Responses of Bryophyte Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. to Cadmium (Cd) Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 2856 - 2856

Published: March 21, 2025

In recent years, there have been many studies on the response of plants to heavy metal stress, but metabolic changes in bryophytes, pioneer quickly responding environmental changes, under exogenous cadmium (Cd) stress yet be explored. this indoor experiment, responses metabolome bryophyte Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. different Cd exposure levels (0 (CK), 5 (T1), and 10 (T2) mg·L−1) were analyzed. The results showed that number differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) secreted by T. increased with increase concentration, biosynthesis cofactors, D-Amino acid metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway main pathways enriched DAMs. relative abundances malic acid, N-Formylkynurenine, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, LL-2,6-Diaminopimelic fusaric T2 treatment 16.06%, 62.51%, 14.51%, 11.92%, 21.37%, 35.79%, respectively (p < 0.05), compared those CK, correlation analysis above DAMs closely related plant antioxidant enzyme activity concentration. These indicate secretion amino (N-Formylkynurenine, L-Histidine) organic acids (isocitric acid) through pathways, including acids, glyoxylate dicarboxylate ABC transporters, is mechanism resist stress. This study will provide a reference for monitoring remediation pollution.

Language: Английский

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Boosting Drought Tolerance in Tomatoes through Stimulatory Action of Salicylic Acid Imparted Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1227 - 1227

Published: June 6, 2024

Drought poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly affecting economic crops like tomatoes. To address this challenge, various alternatives have been explored, including the use of elicitors or biostimulants such as salicylic acid (SA). This study aims assess stimulatory action SA in alleviating drought stress tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was designed with two main factors: water availability (controlled versus drought) and foliar application at four different concentrations ranging from 100 250 mg L−1. SA, concentration L−1, showed promising results mitigating adverse effects followed by 200 evidenced increased activity antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT). Gene expression analysis revealed optimal APX L−1 Additionally, led high accumulation bioactive compounds without compromising yield. Furthermore, positively influenced both shoot root weights, highest values observed While is known enhance plant tolerance abiotic stress, further research needed fully elucidate its biochemical, physiological, molecular mechanisms supporting stress. Utilizing can help growers mitigate environmental stresses, enhancing crop yield quality. Integrating treatments into agriculture offers sustainable alternative elicitor for ensuring food security challenging climate

Language: Английский

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The Significance of Xylem Structure and Its Chemical Components in Certain Olive Tree Genotypes with Tolerance to Xylella fastidiosa Infection

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 930 - 930

Published: March 23, 2024

Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a devastating plant disease caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). Exploratory missions in Salento area led to identification of putatively Xf-resistant olive trees (putatively resistant plants, PRPs) which were pauci-symptomatic or asymptomatic infected plants belonging different genetic clusters orchards severely affected OQDS. To investigate defense strategies employed these PRPs contrast Xf infection, analyzed for anatomy and histology xylem vessels, patterns distribution host tissues (by fluorescent situ hybridization technique—FISH) presence secondary metabolites stems. The vessels have an average diameter significantly lower than that susceptible each annual tree ring studied. histochemical staining highlighted increase lignin parenchyma cells medullary rays wood. 3D images obtained from FISH-LSM (laser scanning microscope) revealed that, PRPs, mostly appeared as individual small aggregates; addition, bacterial looked be incorporated autofluorescence signal gels phenolic compounds regardless hosts’ genotypes. In fact, metabolomic data PRP stems showed significant like salicylic acid, known molecule mediates responses upon pathogen luteolin, naturally derived flavonoid compound with antibacterial properties well-known anti-biofilm effects. Findings indicate vessel geometry together structural chemical defenses are among mechanisms operating control infection may represent common resistance trait

Language: Английский

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Contribution of Antioxidant System Components to the Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid on Wheat under Salinity Conditions

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1569 - 1569

Published: June 6, 2024

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development mitigating the negative effects of various stresses, including salinity. In this study, effect 50 μM SA on physiological biochemical parameters wheat plants under normal stress conditions was investigated. The results showed that 28th day growing season, pretreatment continued to stimulate plants. This evident through an increase shoot length leaf area, with regulation blade width playing significant effect. Additionally, improved photosynthesis by increasing content chlorophyll (Chl a) carotenoids (Car), resulting increased TAP (total amount pigments) index leaves. Furthermore, treatment led balanced levels reduced glutathione (GSH) oxidized (GSSG) leaves, accompanied slight but accumulation ascorbic (ASA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, activation reductase (GR) ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Exposure salt for 28 days resulted reduction photosynthetic pigments, GSH ASA It also H2O2 proline GR APX. However, exhibited long-term growth-stimulating protective conditions. significantly mitigated impacts salinity accumulation, lipid peroxidation, H2O2. salinity-induced depletion levels, which associated modulation APX activities. small-scale field experiments conducted natural conditions, pre-sowing seed main indicators grain yield essential amino acids grains. Thus, can be considered effective approach providing prolonged protection improving quality.

Language: Английский

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Heterologous Expression of Chrysanthemum TCP Transcription Factor CmTCP13 Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 2118 - 2118

Published: July 31, 2024

Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) proteins play critical roles in plant development and stress responses; however, their functions chrysanthemum (

Language: Английский

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