Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 72 - 72

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which leading cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A central pathophysiological mechanism linking T2DM to complications oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production body’s antioxidant defenses. Hyperglycemia in promotes stress through various pathways, including formation advanced glycation end products, activation protein kinase C, mitochondrial dysfunction, polyol pathway. These processes enhance ROS generation, endothelial vascular inflammation, exacerbation damage. Additionally, disrupts nitric oxide signaling, impairing vasodilation promoting vasoconstriction, contributes complications. This review explores molecular mechanisms by pathogenesis disease T2DM. It also examines potential lifestyle modifications, such dietary changes physical activity, reducing mitigating risks this high-risk population. Understanding these critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies improve outcomes

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science, PsycINFO, reference lists relevant up to 20 December 2024, highlighting central role Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator oxidative stress adaptation, mediates benefits these interventions. presents an innovative approach understanding regulation inflammation, its potential prevention treatment various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pulmonary diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, infections such as COVID-19. novelty this study is investigate bioactive compounds found (such polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins) exercise-induced activation combined reveals their improve insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism reduce offering promising strategy for management chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps current research, particularly regarding mechanisms interaction between diet, physical activity, activation, well long-term different populations, those with In addition, interactions other signalling pathways, AMPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, collective contributions health explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers presented assess impact strategies, NAD+/NADH ratio, GSH markers mitochondrial health. findings provide valuable insights into how integration antioxidant-rich diet regular can by activating related pathways represent strategies disorders. Further studies needed fully understand therapeutic interventions diseases stress, disease, cancer.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks

Published: April 11, 2024

This general review assesses the impact of physical exercise on oxidative and nitrosative stress counteractive role antioxidants, drawing from a systematic literature search up to March 2024 in databases like PubMed Web Science. The highlights studies effect production reactive oxygen species (ROS) nitrogen (RNS) antioxidant responses both human animal models based rigorous inclusion exclusion criteria. Due variety types participants' characteristics, narrative synthesis approach was adopted. findings indicate that moderate boosts defenses, known as hormesis, whereas excessive activity may increase damage. also explores complex effects supplementation, revealing while natural dietary antioxidants support health, high-dose supplements could potentially hinder positive adaptations exercise. Recommendations for athletes active population highlight importance balancing intake optimize health benefits. concludes with call more detailed research tailored nutrition plans dissect these intricate relationships further.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Brain Function

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 297 - 297

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular pathology or Alzheimer's disease. OS also significantly influences progression among various disorders. The imbalance between formation reactive oxygen species (ROS) and body's capacity to neutralize these toxic byproducts renders brain susceptible oxidative injury. Increased amounts ROS can result cellular malfunction, apoptosis neurodegeneration. They represent a substantial mitochondrial dysfunction, defining characteristic Comprehending fundamental mechanisms its interactions with function, neuroinflammation protective pathways becomes essential for formulating targeted therapeutics maintain health reduce impacts We address recent highlights on role function terms significance neuronal

Language: Английский

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The Role of Dietary Antioxidants, Food Supplements and Functional Foods for Energy Enhancement in Healthcare Professionals

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1508 - 1508

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Healthcare professionals frequently experience significant work overload, which often leads to substantial physical and psychological stress. This stress is closely linked increased oxidative a corresponding decline in energy levels. scoping review investigates the potential impact of dietary antioxidants food supplements conjunction with diet controlling these negative effects. Through an analysis biochemical pathways involved metabolism, paper emphasizes effectiveness targeted interventions. Key antioxidants, such as vitamins C E, polyphenols, carotenoids, are evaluated for their ability counteract enhance Additionally, assesses various supplements, including omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, ginseng, mechanisms action enhancement. Practical guidelines incorporating energy-boost strategies into routine healthcare provided, emphasizing importance modifications reducing improving overall well-being performance high-stress environments. The concludes by suggesting directions future research validate findings explore new interventions that may further support under overload.

Language: Английский

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Spirulina Supplementation Alleviates Intense Exercise-Induced Damage and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 355 - 355

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Background: Spirulina, which are filamentous cyanobacteria, have gained significant popularity in the food industry, medicine, and aquaculture. Methods: In this study, our objective was to explore influence of Spirulina on gut microbiota exercise capacity mice undergoing high-intensity exercise. Twenty-four male BALB/c were divided into four groups, with six each group. These groups included control group (Control, received saline gavage permitted free movement), (Running, gavaged same volume subjected a structured regimen), intervention (including Low High). orally administered at doses 100 300 mg/kg/day for weeks while simultaneously participating protocol. Results: The results illustrated that Running intense exhibited reduced weight tension, acute damage muscle liver tissues, oxidative stress, an imbalance compared Control However, high-concentration supplementation found increase tensile strength by 1.27 ± 0.19 fold (p < 0.05) ameliorate damage. High group, levels certain indicators related including reactive oxygen species, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, decreased 39 5.32% 0.01) increased 1.11 0.17 1.19 0.22 Additionally, correlation analysis reveals alterations induced might be associated tension stress. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings point fact can effectively mitigate muscles enhancing antioxidant regulating microbiota, thereby providing novel insights mechanism underlying enhancement function.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Gasotransmitters to Combat Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 344 - 344

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Age-related oxidative stress is a critical factor in vascular dysfunction, contributing to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells endothelial are particularly susceptible damage, which exacerbates aging through cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, arterial stiffness. Gasotransmitters—hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO)—are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for counteracting these processes. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies focusing on the mechanisms by H2S, NO, CO influence smooth cell function. Therapeutic strategies involving exogenous gasotransmitter delivery systems combination therapies were analyzed. H2S enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics, scavenges ROS, activates antioxidant pathways. NO improves function, promotes vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation. exhibits cytoprotective anti-inflammatory effects modulating heme oxygenase activity ROS production. In preclinical studies, gasotransmitter-releasing molecules (e.g., NaHS, SNAP, CORMs) targeted show significant promise. Synergistic with lifestyle modifications further enhance their potential. conclusion, gasotransmitters hold promise combat age-related cells. Their multifaceted innovative approaches make them potential candidates treating dysfunction promoting healthy aging. Further research needed translate into clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Rosella flower extract supplementation after physical exercise proven to increase superoxide dismutase levels as one of the enzymatic antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress

Published: March 19, 2025

This study aims to analyze rosella flower extract supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels after physical activity. experimental research uses a pre- and post-control group design. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique. A total of 20 healthy men aged 19–25 years participated in this divided into two groups, namely K1 with placebo K2 at dose 500 mg. Data collection began gathering data subject characteristics. Next, the subjects asked warm up perform activity form running 2400 meters moderate intensity. One hour meters, blood was drawn for pre-test measure SOD levels. Then, interventions administered according respective groups: mg K2. Sixty minutes intervention, post-test draw conducted. The study’s findings demonstrated that administering exercise significantly increased (p < 0.05*). Furthermore, there also notable rise control group’s It can be concluded physiological increase is result moderately intense However, recommended as an additional supplement further boost body’s antioxidant maintain health.

Language: Английский

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Protective Role of Physical Activity and Antioxidant Systems During Spermatogenesis

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 478 - 478

Published: March 25, 2025

Oxidative stress is a significant factor that contributes to male infertility and sperm dysfunction. In this condition, an increase in ROS production exceeds the body's antioxidant defenses, resulting decline spermatozoa quality fertilizing capacity. Furthermore, excessive has been linked promotion of genomic damage, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, altered enzyme activity, ultimately, irreversible alterations, cell death, seminal parameters associated with infertility. It established physical activity (PA), acting on inflammatory improving defense, can alleviate negative effects caused by free radicals, offering numerous health benefits positively influencing quality. The objective review highlight mechanisms production, physiological pathophysiological roles relation reproductive system, recent knowledge impact some protocols PA these systems molecular involved.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition and Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1498 - 1498

Published: April 29, 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent health condition characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions, particularly plant-based nutrition exercise, are essential for managing MetS. While both strategies well-documented independently, their synergistic effects remain less explored. This narrative review integrates findings from domains to evaluate combined impact on metabolic syndrome. The examines individual impacts exercise MetS-related dysfunction. Methods: A comprehensive 114 peer-reviewed studies was conducted assess role diets structured physical activity in improving sensitivity, lipid profiles, inflammation, weight management. Studies investigating mechanisms through which dietary components modalities influence were analyzed, along with behavioral psychological factors affecting long-term adherence. Results: Plant-based diets, those high fiber, polyphenols, healthy fats, improve glucose metabolism, reduce enhance health. Exercise complements these benefits promoting fat oxidation, metabolism. When combined, provide superior outcomes, including greater reductions visceral adiposity, improved endothelial function, enhanced glycemic control. Conclusions: effective Their highlight importance integrated lifestyle interventions

Language: Английский

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