Biofuels from Microalgae: A Review on Microalgae Cultivation, Biodiesel Production Techniques and Storage Stability

Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 488 - 488

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Rising global energy demands, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and growing environmental concerns have led to an increasing demand for clean renewable sources. Recently, microalgae biofuels emerged as a promising sustainable source due their high biomass productivity, lipid content, wastewater treatment capabilities. However, the viability of commercial-scale remains uncertain production costs storage stability issues. This review focuses on advanced technologies aimed at enhancing both biodiesel its stability. It explores potential challenges recent developments in cultivation systems, particularly those factors that contributed increased content biomass. The study also examines role industrial promoting growth provides overview advances production. Additionally, it discusses various strategies improve biodiesel, critical consideration commercialization biodiesel.

Language: Английский

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Trace Metals in Phytoplankton: Requirements, Function, and Composition in Harmful Algal Blooms

Published: May 13, 2024

In a constantly changing environment brought about by the climate crisis and escalated anthropogenic perturbations driven growing population, harmful algal bloom dynamics their impacts are expected to shift, necessitating adaptive management strategies comprehensive research efforts. Similar primary productivity, HABs have been thought be primarily major nutrients such as N, P, Si. However, recent investigations on role importance of micronutrients limiting factors in aquatic environments highlighted. This paper provides review metal phytoplankton interactions, with specific emphasis pertinent information influence trace growth, toxin production, other underlying mechanisms related HABs. Low near-depleted levels essential including Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Co, Mo, negatively impact cell growth proliferation various marine freshwater HAB species. evidence shows that at elevated levels, these elements along non-essential ones, could still cause toxic effects certain species manifested decreased photosynthetic activities, oxidative stress, ultrastructure damage, cyst formation. Interestingly, while metals mostly result increased Co (i.e., yessotoxins, gymnodimine, palytoxins) Mn isodomoic acid, okadaic diol esters) enrichments revealed otherwise. addition releasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) carbon (DOC) humic substances was observed an adaptation strategy, since compounds proven chelate water column, thereby reducing metal-induced toxicity. Whilst current center free toxicity Cu account how contribute metabolic processes under conditions reflective in-situ scenarios HAB-prone areas, would yield new perspectives roles With demands global population for food security sustainability, substantial pressure is exerted agriculture aquaculture sector, highlighting need effective communication regarding interactions macro- improve existing policies practices.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Heavy Metals in Marine Fish: Ecological and Ecosystem-Level Impacts

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 59 - 59

Published: April 18, 2025

Heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems poses a critical environmental challenge, with significant implications for biodiversity, trophic dynamics, and human health. Marine fish are key bioindicators of heavy pollution because their role food webs capacity bioaccumulation transfer. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathways mechanisms accumulation fish, focusing factors that influence uptake, retention, tissue distribution. We explore processes governing transfer biomagnification, highlighting species-specific patterns risks posed to apex predators, including humans. Additionally, we assess ecological consequences at population, community, ecosystem levels, emphasizing its effects reproduction, community structure, interactions. By integrating recent findings, this highlights gaps suggests future research directions improve monitoring risk assessment. Given persistence bioavailability metals environments, effective control strategies sustainable fisheries management imperative mitigate long-term public health risks.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptome Analysis of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa bohaiensis Under Varied Nutrient Stress Conditions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2665 - 2665

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

The increasing prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) driven by eutrophication, particularly in China's nearshore waters, is a growing concern. Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa bohaiensis have caused significant ecological and economic damage, as well mass mortality, cultivated species. Nutrients are one the primary inducers H. blooms. However, transcriptomic studies remain sparse, its metabolic pathways unknown. This study analyzed transcriptome under varying nutrient conditions (nitrogen at 128, 512, 880 μM; phosphate 8, 6, 32 μM), focusing on differential gene expression. results indicated that deviations (higher or lower N:P ratios) led to higher number differentially expressed genes compared control (N:P ratios = 27.5), thereby underscoring their pivotal role growth. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed limitation upregulated biosynthesis catabolism processes while downregulating cell cycle division functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that, nitrogen limitation, proteasome were upregulated, photosynthesis carbon fixation downregulated; phosphorus metabolism was downregulated. These findings suggest adapts stress adjusting processes.

Language: Английский

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