Published: May 28, 2024
Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 emerged in December 2019, significant research has been conducted around the world to understand virus- and vaccine-generated immune response, identify drivers of disease 19 (COVID-19). Although viral tropism is largely limited tract, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead COVID-19 disease, which characterized by multiorgan failure permanent cognitive disorders. The combined effects virus-mediated inhibition host antiviral mechanisms recognition pathogen-associated molecules pattern receptors (PRRs) are main pathogenesis disease. innate system constitutes first line defense against limiting entry virus into cell, suppressing replication, detecting virus-infected cells, accelerating formation adaptive response. composed two basic B T serve different but complementary functions infections. critical role immunity clearing well known, its function development virus-induced immunopathogenesis remains poorly understood. characteristic humoral response creation specific antibodies each foreign antigen encountered. Antibodies that sense pathogens classified as neutralizing (nAbs) non-neutralizing (non-nAbs) based on their capacity neutralize inhibit membrane fusion. While nAbs exert activities blocking ACE2-dependent cells pathogens, non-nAbs often undetectable. level anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum mucosal tissues varies with stage severity infection. current vaccines elicit robust antibody responses, this effect decreases over time, due weakening emergence novel variants evade such Delta Omicron. may surveillance minimizing interfering cellular signaling. In review article, central responses effectiveness vaccines, evasion strategies discussed detail light knowledge.
Language: Английский