Caveolae: Metabolic Platforms at the Crossroads of Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 2918 - 2918

Published: March 24, 2025

Caveolae are small flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. They play a critical role various cellular processes, including signal transduction, endocytosis, mechanotransduction. Caveolin proteins, specifically Cav-1, Cav-2, Cav-3, addition to their as structural components caveolae, have been found regulate activity signaling molecules. A growing body research has highlighted pivotal caveolae caveolins maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Indeed, studies demonstrated that interact with key insulin signaling, glucose uptake, lipid metabolism, thereby influencing energy production storage. The dysfunction or altered expression associated disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, ocular diseases. Remarkably, mutations caveolin genes can disrupt balance, promote oxidative stress, exacerbate dysregulation. This review examines current on molecular mechanisms through which explores involvement pathogenesis discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting function stabilization restore

Language: Английский

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Caveolin and NOS in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy

Published: July 2, 2024

Caveolin is a structural protein within caveolae, which may be involved in transmembrane molecular transport and/or various intercellular interactions cells. Specific mutations of caveolin-3 muscle cells are well-known to cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Altered expression the has been also detected Duchenne's dystrophy, part pathological process leading weakness. Interestingly, it shown that renovation nitric oxide synthase (NOS) sarcolemma with dystrophy could improve health, suggesting NOS pathology Here, we summarize notable function caveolin skeletal cells, and would like discuss about their involvement as well possible tactics for innovative treatment dystrophies.

Language: Английский

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Subcellular Localization Guides eNOS Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(24), P. 13402 - 13402

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are enzymes responsible for the cellular production of nitric (NO), a highly reactive signaling molecule involved in important physiological and pathological processes. Given its remarkable capacity to diffuse across membranes, NO cannot be stored inside cells thus requires multiple controlling mechanisms regulate biological functions. In particular, regulation endothelial synthase (eNOS) activity has been shown crucial vascular homeostasis, primarily affecting cardiovascular disease other pathophysiological processes importance human health. Among factors, subcellular localization eNOS plays an role regulating enzymatic bioavailability NO. The aim this review is summarize pioneering studies more recent publications, unveiling some factors that influence compartmentalization discussing their functional implications health disease.

Language: Английский

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