Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1372 - 1372

Published: May 2, 2024

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious respiratory of birds, leading to significant morbidity and mortality globally causing substantial economic losses the poultry industry agriculture. Since their first isolation in 2013–2014, Asian-origin H5 pathogenic avian (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone unprecedented evolution reassortment internal gene segments. In just a few years, it supplanted other AIV clades, now is widespread wild migratory waterfowl, spreading Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas. Wild natural reservoir LPAIVs generally more resistant disease, also manifested high with HPAIV 2.3.4.4b. This caused overt clinical signs mass variety mammalian species never reported before, such as raptors, seabirds, sealions, foxes, others. Most notably, recent outbreaks dairy cattle were associated emergence critical mutations related adaptation, raising concerns about possibility jumping acquisition sustained human-to-human transmission. The main anatomopathological findings virus infection birds non-human mammals hereby summarized.

Language: Английский

Massive outbreak of Influenza A H5N1 in elephant seals at Península Valdés, Argentina: increased evidence for mammal-to-mammal transmission

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2024

ABSTRACT H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the clade 2.3.4.4b have killed thousands marine mammals in South America since 2022. In October 2023, following outbreaks sea lions Argentina, we recorded unprecedented mass mortality (∼17,000 individuals) southern elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina ) at Península Valdés. Seal pups were disproportionately affected. Adult departed early, disrupting social and breeding structure. Frequent interactions with scavenging by seagulls observed. Deaths terns concurred but peaked weeks later. HPAI was confirmed terns. Moreover, genomic characterization showed from pinnipeds Argentina form a distinct mammal Peru, Chile Brazil. These mammal-clade share an identical set mammalian adaptation mutations which are notably also found Our combined ecological phylogenetic data support mammal-to-mammal transmission occasional mammal-to-bird spillover. To our knowledge, this is first multinational ever observed globally. The implication that becoming more evolutionary flexible adapting to new ways could global consequences for wildlife, humans, and/or livestock.

Language: Английский

The risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Southern Ocean: a practical guide for operators and scientists interacting with wildlife

Antarctic Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 407 - 414

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Advice from avian influenza experts suggests that there is a high risk highly pathogenic will arrive in the Southern Ocean during austral summers.

Language: Английский