Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Preloading the flocs on membrane surface is beneficial to enhance removal of contaminants and alleviate fouling in membrane-filtration process, but appropriate its mechanism action need be further clarified. The present study first focused generated by titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) with PFS PAC as comparation. Three were separately pre-loaded ultrafiltration explore their performance removing four toxic oxygenates (As(III), As(V), Sb(III) Sb(V)) alleviating fouling. Results showed that produced TXC could adsorb continuously, better than PFS, while limited. After long-term operation, floc was minimal, irreversible 1/3 1/6 PAC, respectively. Meanwhile, backwash time 2.0 2.2 times longer alleviation preloading clarified characterization model calculations. According n value after fitting, an intermediate blocking dominated larger more loose system (n = 1.54), a complete pore 1.98) 2.11) systems. results demonstrated superior process
Language: Английский