Orexants, Orexin Receptor Antagonists: Novel Therapeutic Agents for Insomnia Disorder

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 92 - 108

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Insomnia is when a person feels difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, often associated with complications, such as fatigue, sleepiness, etc. may cause disruptions in daytime physical and mental abilities. Orexins hypocretins are the neuropeptides secreted from lateral hypothalamus play major role sleep-wake cycle through complex interplay between wake-promoting sleep-promoting neuronal systems. Orexin receptor antagonists (Orexants) new treatment options for insomnia disorder, narcolepsy, other sleep disturbances. There two classes of Orexants, namely those that bind selectively to specific orexin selective (SORA), others both receptors dual (DORA). The first DORA was almorexant but restricted use three approved DORAs, suvorexant, lemborexant, daridorexant were by FDA, several DORAs SORAs under various stages discovery clinical investigation. Among labeled limitations, currently Orexants contraindicated people narcolepsy controlled substances owing their misuse liability. present review discussed cycle, phases orexins, summarized pharmacology type potential advantages limitations pharmacotherapy disorder.

Language: Английский

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Preliminary examination of orexin receptor antagonism with suvorexant in individuals with Methamphetamine use disorder: a case series study

Journal of Addictive Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Background: No FDA-approved medications for methamphetamine (MA) use disorder (MUD) are available. Suvorexant (SUVO), a dual orexin receptor antagonist that is FDA approved insomnia treatment, reduces MA self-administration and MA-induced reinstatement responding in preclinical studies. SUVO may also reduce by targeting substance risk factors, including insomnia, stress, cue reactivity, craving. This case series study assessed the (1) feasibility safety of administering suvorexant sample individuals with MUD; (2) preliminary effects on objective subjective measures sleep, reactivity/craving. Method: Participants (n = 3) were randomized to receive 1 week or placebo using within-subject, crossover design 1-week washout period between doses. completed self-report (sleep quality, stress), behavioral (cold pressor task), physiological (heart rate, electroencephalogram) during all three weeks. wore Fitbit monitor sleep throughout study. Results: visits tasks. One report severe drowsiness headache made; no other side associated SUVO. improved total time resulted lower resting-state alpha power, but was mixed quality. administration increased overall brain reactivity cues not specific reduced though self-reported stress demonstrated results. Conclusion: safe tolerable MUD sample. Future research benefit from investigating well-controlled larger

Language: Английский

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Special Issue “Sleep Disorders: From Clinical Research to Daily Practice”

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(16), P. 5271 - 5271

Published: Aug. 13, 2023

Healthy sleep is indissolubly linked to both physical and mental health, as pointed out by evidence showing the negative impact of poor on neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, immune systems, among others [...].

Language: Английский

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Prediction of Adverse Events Risk in Patients with Comorbid Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder Using Electronic Medical Records by Deep Learning Models

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Prediction of high-risk events in mental disorder patients is crucial. In our previous study, we developed a deep learning model: DeepBiomarker by using electronic medical records (EMR) to predict suicide related event (SRE) risk post-traumatic stress (PTSD) patients.

Language: Английский

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