Overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 31, 2022

Abstract This article presents an overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. It first briefly summarises some the disease-causing pathogens vectored insects and emphasises need for innovative methods counter threat resistance both vector pesticides therapeutic drugs. Subsequently, state art is described, which particularly ingenious method currently under development in many important that could provide additional powerful tool use integrated pest programmes. The requirements recent advances technique are detailed given microorganisms selected genetic modification, effector molecules be expressed environmental spread transgenic bacteria into wild populations. results experimental models developed with triatomines, mosquitoes, sandflies tsetse flies analysed. Finally, regulatory safety rules satisfied successful release genetically engineered organisms produced considered. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 568 - 568

Published: March 12, 2024

This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions vector insects with their invading parasites pathogens. It is a way introducing this Special Issue subsequent papers presenting latest details these in each particular group vectors. Hopefully, paper will fill void literature since brief descriptions immunity have now been brought one publication could form starting point for those interested new to important area. Descriptions are given on mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas triatomine bugs. Cellular humoral defences described separately but emphasis made co-operation processes completed response. The also emphasises need great care extracting haemocytes study as appreciation fragile nature often overlooked non-sterile media, smearing techniques excessive centrifugation sometimes used. potential vital role eicosanoids instigation many discussed. Finally, priming system, mainly considered possible mechanism presented.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi, Triatomines and the Microbiota of the Vectors—A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 855 - 855

Published: April 25, 2024

This review summarizes the interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease, its vectors, triatomines, and diverse intestinal microbiota which includes mutualistic symbionts, highlights open questions. T. cruzi strains show great biological heterogeneity in their development interactions. Triatomines differ from other important vectors diseases ontogeny enzymes used to digest blood. Many different bacteria colonize tract but only Actinomycetales have been identified as symbionts. Effects vector on are indicated by differences ability establish triatomines colonization peculiarities, i.e., proliferation mainly posterior midgut rectum preferential transformation into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes rectum. In addition, certain forms develop after feeding during starvation triatomines. Negative effects triatomine appear be particularly evident when stressed depend strain. immunity induced ingested blood-stage affect populations many non-symbiotic bacteria, not all After knockdown antimicrobial peptides, number increases decreases. Presumably, long-term infections, is suppressed, supports growth specific depending strain cruzi. These may provide an approach disrupt transmission.

Language: Английский

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Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions vector insects with their invading parasites pathogens. It is a way introducing this special issue subsequent papers presenting latest details these in each particular group vectors. Hopefully, paper will fill void literature since brief descriptions immunity have now been brought one publication could form starting point for those interested new to important area. Descriptions are given on mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas triatomine bugs. Cellular humoral defences described separately but emphasis made co-operation processes completed response. The also emphasises need great care extracting haemocytes study as appreciation fragile nature sometimes overlooked non-sterile media, smearing techniques excessive centrifugation used. potential vital role eicosanoids instigation many discussed. Finally, priming system, mainly considered possible mechanism presented

Language: Английский

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Antiparasitic Activity of Narciclasine and Evaluation of Its Effects on Plasma Membrane and Mitochondria of Trypanosoma cruzi

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

The EtOAc extract from bulbs of Hymenocallis littoralis (Amaryllidaceae) exhibited antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and afforded the alkaloids narciclasine (1), 7-deoxynarciclasine (2), narciclasine-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (3). In silico studies showed adequate predictions for drug-likeness 1 2, with adherence to Lipinski's rules five no alerts PAINS. When tested clinical forms T. cruzi, alkaloid displayed in vitro effectiveness IC50 values 17.1 μM (trypomastigotes) 8.2 (amastigotes), mammalian cytotoxicity NCTC cells (CC50 > 200 μM), similar standard drug benznidazole. Alkaloid 3 moderate intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 64.6 μM) trypomastigotes, whereas 2 was inactive both parasite. These results suggested that free hydroxyl groups at C-7 C-4 positions are involved potency alkaloids. Considering most potent selective compound, lethal action investigated extracellular (trypomastigotes). Using fluorescent probe Sytox Green, it observed presented a dual effect plasma membrane different concentrations noninterfering (at IC50) significant alteration permeability (IC90). At all concentrations, induced dose-dependent depolarization mitochondrial potential, leading on cruzi. suggest as new hit eliminating parasite successful drug-like parameters an oral candidate Chagas disease.

Language: Английский

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Stable colonization of the model kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus by Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0012906 - e0012906

Published: March 12, 2025

Trypanosoma cruzi is a single-celled eukaryotic parasite responsible for Chagas disease, major cause of morbidity and mortality in Central South America. While the host-pathogen interactions T. have been extensively studied vertebrate models, investigations into its within insect host remain limited. To address this gap establish genetically tractable system studying parasite-vector dynamics, we conducted quantitative kinetic infection studies using Y strain model vector Rhodnius prolixus . We began by comparing kinetics from two diverse strains cruzi, Brazil Y, demonstrated that ingested parasites both transiently expand anterior regions digestive tract with stable colonization occurring hindgut over long term. Notably, clonal strain, contrary to previous reports, can effectively infect persist across multiple developmental stages R. Additionally, comparison movement versus inert fluorescent microspheres introduced artificial blood meals suggests gut occurs passively through peristaltic during digestion, rather than active parasite-mediated chemotaxis. These findings highlight - as promising tool in-depth molecular characterization interactions, potentially offering new insights biology neglected deadly human pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Refining the annotation of Rhodnius prolixus aspartic proteases A1 family genes through proteogenomics

Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100253 - 100253

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Rhodnius prolixus Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) a hematophagous model organism and vector of Chagas disease, relies on complex repertoire digestive enzymes to process its blood meals. Among these, aspartic proteases from the A1 peptidase family play crucial role in nutrient breakdown. This study aims refine gene annotation this through proteogenomics. A comprehensive analysis protease sequences protein isoforms, identified by proteomics, revealed discrepancies existing annotations, including identification novel open reading frames consolidation previously separated sequences. Our efforts led correction seven reducing total count genes 19 15. Notably, 11 these were confirmed at level, while two supported transcriptomic data. Furthermore, our findings highlight instances alternative splicing, as seen RPRC015076, where proteoforms T1IFK7 R4G5J6 are expressed intron retention. not only provides more accurate genomic framework for but also offers new insights into functional complexity regulation R. prolixus. These pave way future studies insect biology their potential applications control strategies.

Language: Английский

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Rewiring the Vehicle: Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites Alter the Antennae of Their Triatomine Hosts

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT This study investigates the antennal phenotype of kissing bug Triatoma pallidipennis (Stål), a primary vector Chagas disease, by comparing Trypanosoma cruzi ‐infected and noninfected individuals. We examined antennae infected N5 nymphs, as well adult females males, focusing on four types sensilla (bristles, basiconic, thin‐walled trichoid, thick‐walled trichoid) across three antenna segments (pedicel, proximal flagellum, distal flagellum). found differences in abundance segments, with flagellum showing highest abundance, followed pedicel having least. Infection demonstrated that males had more chemosensilla than females. observed trend nymphs an increased variation types. These modifications are related to previous results this species whereby bugs were be active capable finding human odor compared animals. Thus, infection‐related changes may underlie T. ' sensory capabilities, which indirectly facilitate spread parasite.

Language: Английский

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Variability in Trypanosoma cruzi susceptibility among species of kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Mexico

Folia Parasitologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 72

Published: April 1, 2025

Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909), and transmitted triatomine bugs, poses a significant public health challenge. Variability in susceptibility of different species to T. infection can profoundly influence disease transmission dynamics control measures. In this study, we assessed first third nymphal stages across eight using experimental inoculation with NINOA strain optical microscopy. The evaluated were Dipetalogaster maximus (Uhler), Triatoma bassolsae (Alejandre-Aguilar, Nogueda-Torres, Cortéz-Jiménez, Jurberg, Galvão, Carcaballo), infestans (Klug), lecticularia (Stål), mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer), pallidipennis phyllosoma (Burmeister) picturata (Usinger). results indicated that exhibited highest infection, followed D. maximus. Our analysis also revealed (NINOA) was significantly associated rather than stage (p < 0.0001), substantial variability observed among 0.001). We ranked as follows: > = infestans. These findings enhance our understanding offer valuable insights for development effective strategies against neglected tropical disease.

Language: Английский

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DNA damage induced by parasitic infections in humans and animals

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102337 - 102337

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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