Kounis Syndrome in Clinical Practice: Insights from Clinical Case Series and Mechanistic Pathways

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 768 - 768

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Kounis syndrome (KS) is a rare condition where hypersensitivity reactions trigger coronary vasospasm, destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, or stent thrombosis, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its overlap with acute (ACS) the absence specific guidelines. This study reviews cases KS from Institute Cardiovascular Disease highlight clinical presentations, triggers, treatment strategies. We analyzed four treated at our institution between 2019 2024. Detailed histories, laboratory findings, imaging studies, plans were reviewed. Patients classified by subtype based on anatomy pathophysiological mechanisms. Management strategies tailored each subtype, combining myocardial revascularization, antiplatelet therapy, for allergic reactions. The series included two Type I in patients structurally normal arteries II involving pre-existing atherosclerosis. No III was observed. Triggers insect stings, antibiotics, iodinated contrast agents, anesthetics. Coronary angiography confirmed diagnosis all cases. Treatments percutaneous interventions, dual prophylactic antihistamines corticosteroids. All experienced favorable outcomes, although delays noted atypical presentations. remains underdiagnosed, especially emergency settings it mimics ACS. Early recognition multidisciplinary management allergology cardiology are crucial. Future research should focus safer tools, understanding pathophysiology, developing evidence-based preventive Increasing awareness inclusion ACS differentials essential improving patient outcomes preventing recurrences.

Language: Английский

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Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Peanut Allergy Treatment—Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1902 - 1902

Published: March 12, 2025

Peanut allergy is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening condition affecting millions of people worldwide, necessitating strict dietary vigilance. Despite its widespread impact, current treatment options are predominantly limited to allergen avoidance emergency management allergic reactions. This review explores contemporary immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at achieving long-term relief for individuals with peanut allergy. We conducted comprehensive literature discuss different approaches, such as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), epicutaneous (EPIT), oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT), focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, safety profiles. Additionally, the delves into novel approaches monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE other critical immune pathways, adjuvanted therapies utilizing nanoparticles gut microbiota, advances in adoptive cell therapy including CAR-T cells regulatory T cells. Furthermore, we highlight some clinical trials that test efficacy these patients Collectively, provide an overview advancements interventions recommendations personalized regimens, ultimately paving way more effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Astragalus membranaceus, Nigella sativa, and Perilla frutescens as Immunomodulators—Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness in Allergic Diseases

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 9016 - 9032

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Plants are the source of numerous remedies in modern medicine, and some them have been studied due to their potential immunomodulatory activity. Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge (A. membranaceus), Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (P. frutescens) plant species used traditional medicine for treatment various diseases. Their act as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic agents makes interesting investigating clinical alleviating symptoms allergic Allergy affects a large number people; according sources more than 30% world population suffer from type reaction, with pollen allergy most common type. Treatment is usually pharmacological may not be completely effective or side effects. Thus, we seeking mostly medicinal plants, promising symptoms. A literature overview was conducted employing databases such Scopus, PubMed, Web Science, Springer, Google Scholar. This manuscript summarizes recent vivo preclinical studies on three activity, provides comparison effects, underlines application practice. The obtained results confirmed efficacy studies, but also emphasize problem phytochemical characterization difference between tested doses. More trials standardized protocols (defined active molecules, dosage, effects) required obtain safe herbal drugs.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathology of COVID-19: Clinical and Laboratory Parallels

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 711 - 711

Published: April 19, 2024

Recent studies suggested the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in pathology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, precise description MCs' activation and engagement their proteases is still missing. The objective this study was to further reveal importance MCs (chymase, tryptase, carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)) development lung damage patients with COVID-19. This included 55 who died from COVID-19 30 controls external causes. A histological analysis parenchyma carried out assess protease profiles degranulation activity MCs. In addition, we have analyzed general blood test, coagulogram, C-reactive protein. content tryptase-positive (Try-MCs) lungs higher than controls, but lower. indicators chymase-positive (Chy-MCs) were significantly lower while CPA3-positive (CPA3-MCs) demonstrated existence correlations (positive/negative) between Try-MCs, Chy-MCs, CPA3-MCs at different states presence (co-adjacent/single) levels various immune (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes) other important markers (blood hemoglobin, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen). Thus, identified patterns suggest numerous diverse mechanisms participation pathogenesis COVID-19, impact on inflammatory process coagulation status. At same time, issue requires larger cohorts patients, which will open up possibility using drugs acting link treat

Language: Английский

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