Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 633(8031), P. 835 - 839

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract The 2023 Canadian forest fires have been extreme in scale and intensity with more than seven times the average annual area burned compared to previous four decades 1 . Here, we quantify carbon emissions from these May September on basis of inverse modelling satellite monoxide observations. We find that magnitude is 647 TgC (570–727 TgC), comparable fossil fuel large nations, only India, China USA releasing per year 2 widespread hot–dry weather was a principal driver fire spread, being warmest driest since at least 1980 3 Although temperatures were relative historical record, climate projections indicate are likely be typical during 2050s, even under moderate mitigation scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway, SSP 2–4.5) 4 Such conditions drive increased activity suppress uptake by forests, adding concerns about long-term durability forests as sink 5–8

Language: Английский

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State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 3601 - 3685

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Language: Английский

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Wildfires in 2023

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 238 - 240

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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An in-situ test method for portable air cleaners

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112659 - 112659

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Increasing risk of global forest loss from extreme wildfires under climate change

International Journal of Digital Earth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Carbon Emissions From Fires in Eastern Siberian Larch Forests

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Siberian boreal forests have experienced increases in fire extent and intensity recent years, which may threaten their role as carbon (C) sinks. Larch ( Larix spp.) cover approximately 2.6 million km 2 across Siberia, yet little is known about the magnitude drivers of combustion these ecosystems. To address paucity field‐based estimates fuel load consumption larch forests, we sampled 41 burned plots, one to two years after fire, Cajander cajanderi ) Republic Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. We estimated pre‐fire stocks with objective identifying main emissions. Pre‐fire aboveground (trees woody debris) belowground at our study plots were 3.12 ± 1.26 kg C m −2 (mean standard deviation) 3.50 0.93 . found that averaged 3.20 0.75 , 78% (2.49 0.56 stemmed from organic soil layers. These results suggest severe fires can result rates comparable those observed North American exceeding previously reported for other forest types burning conditions Siberia. Carbon was driven by both weather landscape variables, depth being strongest predictor plots. Our highlights need better account impact on balance, especially given expected climate‐induced increase severity this region.

Language: Английский

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Canada's wildfire future: climate change below a 2°C global target avoids large increases in burned area by the end of the century

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 9, 2024

Wildfire impacts the global carbon cycle, as well property, harvestable timber, and public health. Canada saw a record fire season in 2023 with 14.9 Mha burned—over seven times 1986 - 2022 average of 2.1 Mha. Here we utilize new process-based wildfire module that explicitly represents weather, fuel type availability, ignition sources, suppression, vegetation’s climate response to project future Canada. Under rapid change (shared socioeconomic pathway [SSP] 370 & 585) simulated annual burned area 2090s reaches 10.5 ± 11.7 2.4 Mha, approaching total. However, below 2°C target (SSP 126), keeps near modern (2004 2014) norms. Simulated emissions are most sensitive drivers lightning but activity is key uncertainty.

Language: Английский

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State of Wildfires 2023–24

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regional research concentration. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these to climate land use, forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–24 season, 3.9 million km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totaling 2.4 Pg C. was driven record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) dampened reduced African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking wildfire extent Canada, largest recorded European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawai’i (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232,000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels increased probability 4.5-fold 1.9–4.1-fold, respectively, whereas fuel load direct suppression often modulated anomalous area. The season predictable three months advance based index, had shorter predictability horizons. Formal indicated has significantly due anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude are projected occur 2.22–9.58 more frequently emission Without mitigation, regions like Western could see up 2.9-fold events. For 2024–25 seasonal forecasts highlight moderate positive anomalies for no clear signal present forecast. represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society’s resilience promote advances preparedness, adaptation.

Language: Английский

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INITIAL IMPACTS OF WILDFIRE ON OVERWINTERING CONDITIONS FOR A SPECIES-AT-RISK SNAKE

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03258 - e03258

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Review period

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regional research concentration. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these to climate land use, forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–24 season, 3.9 million km² burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totaling 2.4 Pg C. was driven record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) dampened reduced African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking wildfire extent Canada, largest recorded European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawai’i (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232,000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels increased probability 4.5-fold 1.9–4.1-fold, respectively, whereas fuel load direct suppression often modulated anomalous area. The season predictable three months advance based index, had shorter predictability horizons. Formal indicated has significantly due anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude are projected occur 2.22–9.58 more frequently emission Without mitigation, regions like Western could see up 2.9-fold events. For 2024–25 seasonal forecasts highlight moderate positive anomalies for no clear signal present forecast. represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society’s resilience promote advances preparedness, adaptation.

Language: Английский

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