Comparisons between wildfire and forest harvesting and their implications in forest management DOI

Douglas J. McRae,

Luc Duchesne,

Bill Freedman

et al.

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 223 - 260

Published: Dec. 1, 2001

Emulation silviculture is the use of silvicultural techniques that try to imitate natural disturbances such as wildfire. becoming increasingly popular in Canada because it may help circumvent political and environmental difficulties associated with intensive forest harvesting practices. In this review we summarize empirical evidence illustrates disparities between As a rule, wildfire affect biodiversity different ways, which vary great deal among ecosystem types, practices, scale disturbance. The scales disturbance are patch sizes created by logging small subset range those particular, typical forestry does not result large numbers number extremely wildfires. Moreover, frequency timber generally from fire return intervals. latter varies widely, stand-replacing fires occurring 20 500 years Canada. contrast, harvest frequencies dictated primarily rotational age at merchantable size, typically ranges 40 100 years. Forest maintain stand-age distributions many regions, especially oldest classes. occurrence on landscape largely function stand flammability, slope, aspect, valley orientation, location timely ignition event. These factors complex mosaic types ages landscape. Timber emulate these ecological influences. shape cut blocks follow general ellipse pattern wind driven fires, nor do harvested stands have ragged edges unburned patches found fires. Wildfire also leaves snags abundant coarse woody debris, while some leave few standing trees much debris. Successional pathways following often differ. Harvesting tends favor angiosperm results less dominance conifers. Also, understory species richness cover always recover pre-harvest condition during rotation periods used logging, eastern old-growth forests. well, animal depend conifers or forests affected negatively ways occur after road networks developed for extraction cause erosion, reduce areas available reforestation, fragment functions, allow easier access humans, whereas there no equivalency fire-disturbed forest. Key words: silviculture, management, clearcutting, conservation, wildfire, biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators DOI
Virginia H. Dale,

Suzanne C. Beyeler

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 3 - 10

Published: Aug. 1, 2001

Language: Английский

Citations

1322
Engineering Within Ecological Constraints DOI
Peter Schulze

National Academies Press eBooks, Journal Year: 1996, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 1996

Engineering within Ecological Constraints presents a rare dialogue between engineers and environmental scientists as they consider the many technical well social legal challenges of ecologically sensitive engineering. The volume looks at concepts scale, resilience, chaos apply to points where ecological life support system nature interacts with technological created by humankind. Among questions addressed are: What are implications differences engineering efficiency stability? How can solutions immediate problems be made compatible long-term concerns? we transfer principles economic systems? book also includes important case studies on such topics water management in southern Florida California oil exploration rain forests. From its conceptual discussions practical experience reflected studies, this will policymakers, practitioners, researchers, educators, students fields engineering, science, policy.

Language: Английский

Citations

1146
Classification of ecosystem services: Problems and solutions DOI
Ken Wallace

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 139(3-4), P. 235 - 246

Published: Sept. 6, 2007

Language: Английский

Citations

1039
Biological diversity: The coexistence of species on changing landscapes DOI
James R. Karr

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 1995, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 299 - 300

Published: July 1, 1995

Language: Английский

Citations

1022
The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function DOI
J. Bruce Wallace, Jackson R. Webster

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 1996, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 115 - 139

Published: Jan. 1, 1996

This review focuses on some of the roles macroinvertebrate functional groups, i.e. grazers, shredders, gatherers, filterers, and predators, in stream-ecosystem processes. Many stream-dwelling insects exploit physical characteristics streams to obtain their foods. As consumers at intermediate trophic levels, macroinvertebrates are influenced by both bottom-up top-down forces serve as conduits which these effects propagated. Macroinvertebrates can have an important influence nutrient cycles, primary productivity, decomposition, translocation materials. Interactions among food resources vary groups. constitute source for numerous fish, unless outside energy subsidies greater than in-stream effective fisheries management must account fish-invertebrate linkages with habitats. also valuable indicators stream degradation. The many performed underscore importance conservation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1016
A GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR RESTORATION OF REGULATED RIVERS DOI

Jack A. Stanford,

J. V. Ward,

William J. Liss

et al.

Regulated Rivers Research & Management, Journal Year: 1996, Volume and Issue: 12(4-5), P. 391 - 413

Published: July 1, 1996

Large catchment basins may be viewed as ecosystems in which natural and cultural attributes interact. Contemporary river ecology emphasizes the four-dimensional nature of continuum propensity for riverine biodiversity bioproduction to largely controlled by habitat maintenance processes, such cut fill alluviation mediated water yield. Stream regulation reduces annual flow amplitude, increases baseflow variation changes temperature, mass transport other important biophysical patterns attributes. As a result, ecological connectivity between upstream downstream reaches channels, ground waters floodplains severed. Native usually are reduced or changed non-native biota proliferate. Regulated rivers regain normative distance from dam relation mode operation. Therefore, operations can used restructure altered temperature regimes which, coupled with pollution abatement management biota, enables processes restore damaged habitats along river's course. The expectation is recovery depressed populations native species. protocol requires: restoring peak flows needed reconnect periodically reconfigure channel floodplain habitats; stabilizing baseflows revitalize food-webs shallow reconstituting seasonal (e.g. construction depth selective withdrawal systems on storage dams); maximizing passage allow fish metapopulation structure; instituting belief system that relies upon restoration maintenance, opposed artificial propagation, installation instream structures (river engineering) predator control; and, practising adaptive ecosystem management. Our should an hypothesis derived principles ecology. Although aboriginal state not expected, nor necessarily desired, recovering some large portion lost capacity sustain possible maintain conditions. cost less than expected because do most work.

Language: Английский

Citations

680
Need for Ecosystem Management of Large Rivers and Their Floodplains DOI

Richard E. Sparks

BioScience, Journal Year: 1995, Volume and Issue: 45(3), P. 168 - 182

Published: March 1, 1995

Journal Article Need for Ecosystem Management of Large Rivers and Their Floodplains: These phenomenally productive ecosystems produce fish wildlife preserve species Get access Richard E. Sparks Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 45, Issue 3, March 1995, Pages 168–182, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312556 Published: 01 1995

Language: Английский

Citations

664
Defining and measuring river health DOI
James R. Karr

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 1999, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 221 - 234

Published: March 1, 1999

Summary 1. Society benefits immeasurably from rivers. Yet over the past century, humans have changed rivers dramatically, threatening river health. As a result, societal well‐being is also threatened because goods and services critical to human society are being depleted. 2. ‘Health’— shorthand for good condition (e.g. healthy economy, communities) — grounded in science yet speaks citizens. 3. Applying concept of health logical outgrowth scientific principles, legal mandates, changing values. 4. Success protecting condition, or health, depends on realistic models interactions landscapes, rivers, actions. 5. Biological monitoring biological endpoints provide most integrative view Multimetric indices an important relatively new approach measuring condition. 6. Effective multimetric depend appropriate classification system, selection metrics that give reliable signals systematic sampling protocols measure those signals, analytical procedures extract relevant patterns. 7. Communicating results citizens political leaders if influence environmental policies. 8. essential identify responses By using describe their adjacent landscapes diagnose causes degradation, we can develop restoration plans, estimate ecological risks associated with land use plans watershed, select among alternative development options minimize degradation.

Language: Английский

Citations

652
The cost‐effectiveness of biodiversity surveys in tropical forests DOI
Toby Gardner, Jos Barlow, Ivanei S. Araujo

et al.

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 139 - 150

Published: Nov. 21, 2007

Abstract The identification of high‐performance indicator taxa that combine practical feasibility and ecological value requires an understanding the costs benefits surveying different taxa. We present a generic novel framework for identifying such taxa, illustrate our approach using large‐scale assessment 14 higher across three forest types in Brazilian Amazon, estimating both standardized survey cost biodiversity each taxon. Survey varied by orders magnitude, dung beetles birds were identified as especially suitable evaluating monitoring consequences habitat change study region. However, exclusive focus on occurs at expense patterns diversity other groups. To improve cost‐effectiveness research we encourage combination clearer goals use objective evidence‐based to selecting

Language: Английский

Citations

590
From the myth of a lost paradise to targeted river restoration: forget natural references and focus on human benefits DOI
Simon Dufour,

Hervé Piégay

River Research and Applications, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 568 - 581

Published: Feb. 4, 2009

Abstract In the last two decades river restoration has become increasingly a field of research asking series complex questions related not just to science but also society. Why should we restore ecosystems? Is always beneficial? When is it What be target reference states? success and when can evaluated? Our objective chronicle discuss fundamental concepts versus objective, state process‐based actions, nature culture ecosystem integrity benefits driven restoration. We dynamic yet unresolved definition state. Although desire re‐create past tempting, shown that systems follow trajectories frequently making impossible return previous Therefore, goals are moving away from explicitly defining because difficulty attaining argue reference‐based strategy progressively replaced by an objective‐based reflects practical limitations developing sustainable landscapes emerging importance accounting for human services ecosystem. After decade during which natural processes have been focus restoration, appears particular equally valuable everywhere regional complexity must better understood adjust actions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Language: Английский

Citations

488